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Autoencoders are frequently used for anomaly detection, both in the unsupervised and semi-supervised settings. They rely on the assumption that when trained using the reconstruction loss, they will be able to reconstruct normal data more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Roel Bouman , Tom Heskes

Adversarial perturbations are a useful way to expose vulnerabilities in object detectors. Existing perturbation methods are frequently white-box, architecture specific and use a loss function. More importantly, while they are often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Melane Navaratnarajah , David A. Kelly , Hana Chockler

Unsupervised anomaly detection is a challenging task. Autoencoders (AEs) or generative models are often employed to model the data distribution of normal inputs and subsequently identify anomalous, out-of-distribution inputs by high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Yalin Liao , Austin J. Brockmeier

Watermarking combines an imperceptible change to an input image that will trigger a detector, to assert provenance and protect intellectual property. The literature has shown great interest in attacks on watermarking schemes: attackers are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Maria Bulychev , Neil G. Marchant , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein

Whilst adversarial attack detection has received considerable attention, it remains a fundamentally challenging problem from two perspectives. First, while threat models can be well-defined, attacker strategies may still vary widely within…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Nathan Drenkow , Neil Fendley , Philippe Burlina

Herein, security of deep neural network against adversarial attack is considered. Existing compressive sensing based defence schemes assume that adversarial perturbations are usually on high frequency components, whereas recently it has…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-12 Akash Kumar Gupta , Arpan Chattopadhyay , Darpan Kumar Yadav

Adversarial attacks involve adding, small, often imperceptible, perturbations to inputs with the goal of getting a machine learning model to misclassifying them. While many different adversarial attack strategies have been proposed on image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-01 Avishek Joey Bose , Parham Aarabi

As the digital landscape becomes more interconnected, the frequency and severity of zero-day attacks, have significantly increased, leading to an urgent need for innovative Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Machine Learning-based IDS that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Ippokratis Koukoulis , Ilias Syrigos , Thanasis Korakis

Adversarial black-box attacks aim to craft adversarial perturbations by querying input-output pairs of machine learning models. They are widely used to evaluate the robustness of pre-trained models. However, black-box attacks often suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Lu Wang , Huan Zhang , Jinfeng Yi , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Yuan Jiang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples which contain human-imperceptible perturbations. A series of defending methods, either proactive defence or reactive defence, have been proposed in the recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Derek Wang , Chaoran Li , Sheng Wen , Surya Nepal , Yang Xiang

Deep learning (DL) has emerged as a crucial tool in network anomaly detection (NAD) for cybersecurity. While DL models for anomaly detection excel at extracting features and learning patterns from data, they are vulnerable to data…

The complexity and ubiquity of modern computing systems is a fertile ground for anomalies, including security and privacy breaches. In this paper, we propose a new methodology that addresses the practical challenges to implement anomaly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Charles F. Gonçalves , Daniel S. Menasché , Alberto Avritzer , Nuno Antunes , Marco Vieira

Autonomous agents deployed in the real world need to be robust against adversarial attacks on sensory inputs. Robustifying agent policies requires anticipating the strongest attacks possible. We demonstrate that existing observation-space…

Black-box adversarial attacks present a realistic threat to action recognition systems. Existing black-box attacks follow either a query-based approach where an attack is optimized by querying the target model, or a transfer-based approach…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Rohit Gupta , Naveed Akhtar , Gaurav Kumar Nayak , Ajmal Mian , Mubarak Shah

The integration of communication networks and the Internet of Things (IoT) in Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) increases their vulnerability towards cyber-attacks, causing devastating outcomes. Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-05 Abdulrahman Al-Abassi , Hadis Karimipour , Ali Dehghantanha , Reza M. Parizi

Microarchitectural attacks have become more threatening the hardware security than before with the increasing diversity of attacks such as Spectre and Meltdown. Vendor patches cannot keep up with the pace of the new threats, which makes the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Debopriya Roy Dipta , Berk Gulmezoglu

The incorporation of advanced sensors and machine learning techniques has enabled modern manufacturing enterprises to perform data-driven classification-based anomaly detection based on the sensor data collected in manufacturing processes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Yuxuan Li , Tianxin Xie , Chenang Liu , Zhangyue Shi

Anomaly detection is to identify samples that do not conform to the distribution of the normal data. Due to the unavailability of anomalous data, training a supervised deep neural network is a cumbersome task. As such, unsupervised methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Vahid Reza Khazaie , Anthony Wong , John Taylor Jewell , Yalda Mohsenzadeh

As the labor force decreases, the demand for labor-saving automatic anomalous sound detection technology that conducts maintenance of industrial equipment has grown. Conventional approaches detect anomalies based on the reconstruction…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-20 Kaori Suefusa , Tomoya Nishida , Harsh Purohit , Ryo Tanabe , Takashi Endo , Yohei Kawaguchi

Deep learning models are used in safety-critical tasks such as automated driving and face recognition. However, small perturbations in the model input can significantly change the predictions. Adversarial attacks are used to identify small…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Issa Oe , Keiichiro Yamamura , Hiroki Ishikura , Ryo Hamahira , Katsuki Fujisawa