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An inclusion of II$_1$ factors $N \subset M$ with finite Jones index gives rise to a powerful set of invariants that can be approached successfully in a number of different ways. We describe Jones' pictorial description of the standard…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dietmar Bisch

The analysis and visualization of tensor fields is a very challenging task. Besides the cases of zeroth- and first-order tensors, most techniques focus on symmetric second-order tensors. Only a few works concern totally symmetric tensors of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2020-09-25 Chiara Hergl , Thomas Nagel , Gerik Scheuermann

We classify the three-dimensional representations of the modular group that are reducible but indecomposable, and their associated spaces of holomorphic vector-valued modular forms. We then demonstrate how such representations may be…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-17 Luca Candelori , Tucker Hartland , Christopher Marks , Diego Yepez

Given two tensor fields of type (1,1) on a smooth n-dimensional manifold M, such that all their Fr\"olicher-Nijenhuis brackets vanish, the algebra of differential forms on M becomes a bi-differential graded algebra. As a consequence, there…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2024-09-04 Folkert Müller-Hoissen

The polarization matrix ($2\times2$) obtained from two component eigen-spinors of spherical harmonics help us to evaluate the differential matrix $N$ of the anisotropic optical medium. The geometric phase is realized through {\it helicity}…

Optics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dipti Banerjee

We investigate the orientational order of transverse polarization vectors of long columns of nucleosomal core particles and their coupling to positional order in high density mesophases discovered recently. Inhomogeneous polar ordering of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-24 V. Lorman , R. Podgornik , B. Žekš

Power nonnegative matrices are defined as complex matrices having at least one nonnegative integer power. We exploit the possibility of deriving a Perron Frobenius-like theory for these matrices, obtaining three main results and drawing…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2013-11-21 F. Tudisco , V. Cardinali , C. Di Fiore

In this paper we show that it is possible to structure the longitudinal polarization component of light. We illustrate our approach by demonstrating linked and knotted longitudinal vortex lines acquired upon non-paraxially propagating a…

Optics · Physics 2018-04-19 F. Maucher , S. Skupin , S. A. Gardiner , I. G. Hughes

We express Maxwell's equations as a single equation, first using the divergence of a special type of matrix field to obtain the four current, and then the divergence of a special matrix to obtain the Electromagnetic field. These two…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniel Henry Gottlieb

Orthogonal sets of idempotents are used to design sets of unitary matrices, known as constellations, such that the modulus of the determinant of the difference of any two distinct elements is greater than $0$. It is shown that unitary…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-02-07 Ted Hurley

Nature is imbued with mathematics, manifested through its stunning patterns, symmetries, and structures. Here, we unveil that in a multilayered framework of twisted birefringent optical components, a recursive number pattern of Pascal's…

We consider a one dimensional model of an electron in a doubly (or nearly) degenerate band that interacts with elastic distortions. We show that the electron equations of motion reduce to a set of coupled non-linear Schrodinger equations.…

Materials Science · Physics 2007-05-23 Dennis P. Clougherty , Charles A. Foell

Over a field of characteristic $0$ we give a concrete, computation--ready description of Jordan algebra structures and their low--order deformation theory. The Jordan identity is quartic in the elements and cubic in the multiplication, and…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Vincent E. Coll

We review and generalize the recently introduced framework of entropy vectors for detecting and quantifying genuine multipartite entanglement in high dimensional multicomponent quantum systems. We show that these ideas can be extended to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-22 Marcus Huber , Martí Perarnau-Llobet , Julio I. de Vicente

Inspecting three-dimensional partially polarized light fields we show that there is no unambiguous correspondence between the three-dimensional field and coherence matrix (or light beam tensor). Therefore, it is needed to clarify the…

Optics · Physics 2013-08-14 Andrey V. Novitsky

We describe a new regularization of quantum field theory on the noncommutative torus by means of one-dimensional matrix models. The construction is based on the Elliott-Evans inductive limit decomposition of the noncommutative torus…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-05 Giovanni Landi , Fedele Lizzi , Richard J. Szabo

Invariant coordinate selection is an unsupervised multivariate data transformation useful in many contexts such as outlier detection or clustering. It is based on the simultaneous diagonalization of two affine equivariant and positive…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-12 Aurore Archimbaud

Formulas describing all 2-element and 3-element factorizations of arbitrary element of the groups SU(2) and SO(3,R) are derived. Six 2-element factorizations, $ (U_{2}U_{3}U'_{2}), (U_{3}U_{2}U'_{3}), (U_{3}U_{1}U'_{3}), (U_{1}U_{3}U'_{1}),…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2008-08-07 V. M. Red'kov , N. G. Tokarevskaya

For a number of physical studies which are planned to be made with the next generation colliders, it is necessary to use polarized beams of both electrons and positrons. The problem of producing and acceleration of polarized electrons may…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. P. Potylitsyn

The field equations of $f(R)$ gravity are rewritten in the form of obvious wave equations with the stress-energy pseudotensor of the matter fields and the gravitational field as its source under the de Donder condition. The method of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-24 Bofeng Wu , Chao-Guang Huang