Related papers: Ilinva: Using Abduction to Generate Loop Invariant…
Loop invariants play a central role in the verification of imperative programs. However, finding these invariants is often a difficult and time-consuming task for the programmer. We have previously shown how program transformation can be…
Loop invariants are software properties that hold before and after every iteration of a loop. As such, invariants provide inductive arguments that are key in automating the verification of program loops. The problem of generating loop…
When proving invariance properties of a program, we face two problems. The first problem is related to the necessity of proving tautologies of considered assertion language, whereas the second manifests in the need of finding sufficiently…
This paper presents a new method for automatically generating numerical invariants for imperative programs. Given a program, our procedure computes a binary input/output relation on program states which over-approximates the behaviour of…
Provably correct software is one of the key challenges in our softwaredriven society. While formal verification establishes the correctness of a given program, the result of program synthesis is a program which is correct by construction.…
A program invariant is a property that holds for every execution of the program. Recent work suggest to infer likely-only invariants, via dynamic analysis. A likely invariant is a property that holds for some executions but is not…
Analyzing and reasoning about safety properties of software systems becomes an especially challenging task for programs with complex flow and, in particular, with loops or recursion. For such programs one needs additional information, for…
We describe the LoopInvGen tool for generating loop invariants that can provably guarantee correctness of a program with respect to a given specification. LoopInvGen is an efficient implementation of the inference technique originally…
Provably correct software is one of the key challenges of our software-driven society. Program synthesis -- the task of constructing a program satisfying a given specification -- is one strategy for achieving this. The result of this task…
We present an algorithm for synthesizing program loops satisfying a given polynomial loop invariant. The class of loops we consider can be modeled by a system of algebraic recurrence equations with constant coefficients. We turn the task of…
This article focuses on automatically generating polynomial equations that are inductive loop invariants of computer programs. We propose a new algorithm for this task, which is based on polynomial interpolation. Though the proposed…
Loop invariants are fundamental to reasoning about programs with loops. They establish properties about a given loop's behavior. When they additionally are inductive, they become useful for the task of formal verification that seeks to…
Essential tasks for the verification of probabilistic programs include bounding expected outcomes and proving termination in finite expected runtime. We contribute a simple yet effective inductive synthesis approach for proving such…
We present in this paper a new technique for generating polynomial invariants, divided in two independent parts : a procedure that reduces polynomial assignments composed loops analysis to linear loops under certain hypotheses and a…
Ensuring software correctness remains a fundamental challenge in formal program verification. One promising approach relies on finding polynomial invariants for loops. Polynomial invariants are properties of a program loop that hold before…
Automatically generating invariants, key to computer-aided analysis of probabilistic and deterministic programs and compiler optimisation, is a challenging open problem. Whilst the problem is in general undecidable, the goal is settled for…
The automatic generation of loop invariants is a fundamental challenge in software verification. While this task is undecidable in general, it is decidable for certain restricted classes of programs. This work focuses on invariant…
Synthesizing inductive loop invariants is fundamental to automating program verification. In this work, we observe that Large Language Models (such as gpt-3.5 or gpt-4) are capable of synthesizing loop invariants for a class of programs in…
Ensuring software correctness remains a fundamental challenge in formal program verification. One promising approach relies on finding polynomial invariants for loops. Polynomial invariants are properties of a program loop that hold before…
Loop invariants play a very important role in proving correctness of programs. In this paper, we address the problem of generating invariants of polynomial loop programs. We present a new approach, for generating polynomial equation…