Related papers: Ilinva: Using Abduction to Generate Loop Invariant…

Automated program verification has always been an important component of building trustworthy software. While the analysis of real-world programs remains a theoretical challenge, the automation of loop invariant analysis has effectively…

Loop invariants are properties of a program loop that hold both before and after each iteration of the loop. They are often used to verify programs and ensure that algorithms consistently produce correct results during execution.…

This paper presents a program analysis method that generates program summaries involving polynomial arithmetic. Our approach builds on prior techniques that use solvable polynomial maps for summarizing loops. These techniques are able to…

Automatically generating invariants, key to computer-aided analysis of probabilistic and deterministic programs and compiler optimisation, is a challenging open problem. Whilst the problem is in general undecidable, the goal is settled for…

We present a method for the synthesis of polynomial lasso programs. These programs consist of a program stem, a set of transitions, and an exit condition, all in the form of algebraic assertions (conjunctions of polynomial equalities).…

Software verification has emerged as a key concern for ensuring the continued progress of information technology. Full verification generally requires, as a crucial step, equipping each loop with a "loop invariant". Beyond their role in…

One of the main challenges in the analysis of probabilistic programs is to compute invariant properties that summarise loop behaviours. Automation of invariant generation is still at its infancy and most of the times targets only expected…

Debugging is difficult. Recent studies show that automatic bug localization techniques have limited usefulness. One of the reasons is that programmers typically have to understand why the program fails before fixing it. In this work, we aim…

Automatic verification of concurrent programs faces state explosion due to the exponential possible interleavings of its sequential components coupled with large or infinite state spaces. An alternative is deductive verification, where…

Decidability and synthesis of inductive invariants ranging in a given domain play an important role in many software and hardware verification systems. We consider here inductive invariants belonging to an abstract domain $A$ as defined in…

Loop invariants are properties of a program loop that hold before and after each iteration of the loop. They are often employed to verify programs and ensure that algorithms consistently produce correct results during execution.…

Program verification is vital for ensuring software reliability, especially in the context of increasingly complex systems. Loop invariants, remaining true before and after each iteration of loops, are crucial for this verification process.…

Automated synthesis of inductive invariants is an important problem in software verification. Once all the invariants have been specified, software verification reduces to checking of verification conditions. Although static analyses to…

Program analysis requires the generation of program properties expressing conditions to hold at intermediate program locations. When it comes to programs with loops, these properties are typically expressed as loop invariants. In this paper…

We propose a new approach to automated theorem proving where an AlphaZero-style agent is self-training to refine a generic high-level expert strategy expressed as a nondeterministic program. An analogous teacher agent is self-training to…

We propose a novel framework that provides constructive feedback to an LLM in the "guess-and-check" paradigm by formally verifying its own thinking process and detecting local reasoning errors. We apply this framework to the loop invariant…

Invariants are key to formal loop verification as they capture loop properties that are valid before and after each loop iteration. Yet, generating invariants is a notorious task already for syntactically restricted classes of loops. Rather…

The discovery of inductive invariants lies at the heart of static program verification. Presently, many automatic solutions to inductive invariant generation are inflexible, only applicable to certain classes of programs, or unpredictable.…

A common technique for verifying the safety of complex systems is the inductive invariant method. Inductive invariants are inductive formulas that overapproximate the reachable states of a system and imply a desired safety property.…

Verifiers that can prove programs correct against their full functional specification require, for programs with loops, additional annotations in the form of loop invariants---propeties that hold for every iteration of a loop. We show that…