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This paper considers two-player zero-sum finite-horizon Markov games with simultaneous moves. The study focuses on the challenging settings where the value function or the model is parameterized by general function classes. Provably…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Baihe Huang , Jason D. Lee , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang

The computation of a solution concept of a cooperative game usually depends on values of all coalitions. However, in some applications, values of some of the coalitions might be unknown due to various reasons. We introduce a method to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Martin Černý

The properties of value functions of time inhomogeneous optimal stopping problem and zero-sum game (Dynkin game) are studied through time dependent Dirichlet form. Under the absolute continuity condition on the transition function of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-06-28 Yipeng Yang

While discounted payoff games and classic games that reduce to them, like parity and mean-payoff games, are symmetric, their solutions are not. We have taken a fresh view on the properties that optimal solutions need to have, and devised a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Daniele Dell'Erba , Arthur Dumas , Sven Schewe

The known results regarding two-player zero-sum games are naturally generalized in complex space and are presented through a complete compact theory. The payoff function is defined by the real part of the payoff function in the real case,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-30 Nick Dimou

Two player zero sum simultaneous action games are common in video games, financial markets, war, business competition, and many other settings. We first introduce the fundamental concepts of reinforcement learning in two player zero sum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Patrick Phillips

The CFR+ algorithm for solving imperfect information games is a variant of the popular CFR algorithm, with faster empirical performance on a range of problems. It was introduced with a theoretical upper bound on solution error, but…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-21 Neil Burch , Matej Moravcik , Martin Schmid

Two-player games on graphs provide the theoretical frame- work for many important problems such as reactive synthesis. While the traditional study of two-player zero-sum games has been extended to multi-player games with several notions of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-11-14 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Laurent Doyen , Emmanuel Filiot , Jean-François Raskin

This paper investigates the two-person zero-sum stochastic games for piece-wise deterministic Markov decision processes with risk-sensitive finite-horizon cost criterion on a general state space. Here, the transition and cost/reward rates…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-15 Subrata Golui

Counterfactual Regret Minimization (CFR) and its variants are widely recognized as effective algorithms for solving extensive-form imperfect information games. Recently, many improvements have been focused on enhancing the convergence speed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Ju Qi , Falin Hei , Ting Feng , Dengbing Yi , Zhemei Fang , Yunfeng Luo

Reinforcement learning algorithms such as Q-learning have shown great promise in training models to learn the optimal action to take for a given system state; a goal in applications with an exploratory or adversarial nature such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Xusen Yin , Jonathan May

Game-theoretic approaches are envisioned to bring human-like reasoning skills and decision-making processes for autonomous vehicles (AVs). However, challenges including game complexity and incomplete information still remain to be addressed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-01 Mushuang Liu , H. Eric Tseng , Dimitar Filev , Anouck Girard , Ilya Kolmanovsky

Zero-sum and non-zero-sum (aka general-sum) games are relevant in a wide range of applications. While general non-zero-sum games are computationally hard, researchers focus on the special class of monotone games for gradient-based…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Ruichen Luo , Sebastian U. Stich , Krishnendu Chatterjee

We provide several tests to determine whether a game is a potential game or whether it is a zero-sum equivalent game---a game which is strategically equivalent to a zero-sum game in the same way that a potential game is strategically…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Sung-Ha Hwang , Luc Rey-Bellet

We study new classes of games, called zero-sum equivalent games and zero-sum equivalent potential games, and prove decomposition theorems involving these classes of games. We say that two games are "strategically equivalent" if, for every…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Sung-Ha Hwang , Luc Rey-Bellet

In this paper, we formulate a two-player zero-sum game under dynamic constraints defined by hybrid dynamical equations. The game consists of a min-max problem involving a cost functional that depends on the actions and resulting solutions…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-20 Santiago J. Leudo , Ricardo G. Sanfelice

Two-team zero-sum games are one of the most important paradigms in game theory. In this paper, we focus on finding an unexploitable equilibrium in large team games. An unexploitable equilibrium is a worst-case policy, where members in the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Naming Liu , Mingzhi Wang , Youzhi Zhang , Yaodong Yang , Bo An , Ying Wen

Estimating the unknown reward functions driving agents' behaviors is of central interest in inverse reinforcement learning and game theory. To tackle this problem, we develop a unified framework for reward function recovery in two-player…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Junyi Liao , Zihan Zhu , Ethan Fang , Zhuoran Yang , Vahid Tarokh

Recent advancements in algorithms for sequential decision-making under imperfect information have shown remarkable success in large games such as limit- and no-limit poker. These algorithms traditionally formalize the games using the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Vojtěch Kovařík , David Milec , Michal Šustr , Dominik Seitz , Viliam Lisý

Reinforcement learning has achieved remarkable success in perfect information games such as Go and Atari, enabling agents to compete at the highest levels against human players. However, research in reinforcement learning for imperfect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Jiamian Li