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This note proposes a penalty criterion for assessing correct score forecasting in a soccer match. The penalty is based on hierarchical priorities for such a forecast i.e., i) Win, Draw and Loss exact prediction and ii) normalized Euclidian…

Applications · Statistics 2018-06-06 Jean-Louis Foulley , Gilles Celeux

Over the past two decades, Machine Learning (ML) techniques have been increasingly utilized for the purpose of predicting outcomes in sport. In this paper, we provide a review of studies that have used ML for predicting results in team…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Rory Bunker , Teo Susnjak

We propose a foundation model for soccer, which is able to predict subsequent actions in a soccer match from a given input sequence of actions. As a proof of concept, we train a transformer architecture on three seasons of data from a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Ethan Baron , Daniel Hocevar , Zach Salehe

A substantial school in the philosophy of science identifies Bayesian inference with inductive inference and even rationality as such, and seems to be strengthened by the rise and practical success of Bayesian statistics. We argue that the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-02-21 Andrew Gelman , Cosma Rohilla Shalizi

A popular quantitative approach to evaluating player performance in sports involves comparing an observed outcome to the expected outcome ignoring player involvement, which is estimated using statistical or machine learning methods. In…

Applications · Statistics 2026-05-22 Robert Bajons , Lucas Kook

In the pursuit of natural language understanding, there has been a long standing interest in tracking state changes throughout narratives. Impressive progress has been made in modeling the state of transaction-centric dialogues and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Ruochen Zhang , Carsten Eickhoff

We present a framework that gives a deep insight into the link between physical and technical-tactical aspects of soccer and it allows associating physical performance with value generation thanks to a top-down approach. First, we estimate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-06 Sergio Llana , Borja Burriel , Pau Madrero , Javier Fernández

A Bayesian network is a widely used probabilistic graphical model with applications in knowledge discovery and prediction. Learning a Bayesian network (BN) from data can be cast as an optimization problem using the well-known…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-14 Zhenyu A. Liao , Charupriya Sharma , James Cussens , Peter van Beek

In this work, we compare three different modeling approaches for the scores of soccer matches with regard to their predictive performances based on all matches from the four previous FIFA World Cups 2002 - 2014: Poisson regression models,…

Applications · Statistics 2018-06-14 Andreas Groll , Christophe Ley , Gunther Schauberger , Hans Van Eetvelde

Statistical modelling of sports data has become more and more popular in the recent years and different types of models have been proposed to achieve a variety of objectives: from identifying the key characteristics which lead a team to win…

Applications · Statistics 2019-11-21 Andrea Gabrio

A knowledgeable observer of a game of football (soccer) can make a subjective evaluation of the quality of passes made between players during the game. We investigate the problem of producing an automated system to make the same evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Michael Horton , Joachim Gudmundsson , Sanjay Chawla , Joël Estephan

Accurate prediction of FIFA World Cup match outcomes holds significant value for analysts, coaches, bettors, and fans. This paper presents a machine learning framework specifically designed to forecast match winners in FIFA World Cup. By…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Ali Al-Bustami , Zaid Ghazal

Soccer is one of the most popular sport worldwide, with live broadcasts frequently available for major matches. However, extracting detailed, frame-by-frame information on player actions from these videos remains a challenge. Utilizing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Shikun Xu , Yandong Zhu , Gen Li , Changhu Wang

Several performance metrics for quantifying the in-game performances of individual football players have been proposed in recent years. Although the majority of the on-the-ball actions during games constitutes of passes, many of the…

Applications · Statistics 2018-10-05 Lotte Bransen , Jan Van Haaren

We propose an original model for inferring team strengths using a Markov Random Field, which can be used to generate historical estimates of the offensive and defensive strengths of a team over time. This model was designed to be applied to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-05-10 John Zech , Frank Wood

A common problem faced in statistical inference is drawing conclusions from paired comparisons, in which two objects compete and one is declared the victor. A probabilistic approach to such a problem is the Bradley-Terry model, first…

Applications · Statistics 2017-12-19 Gabriel C. Phelan , John T. Whelan

The approaches routinely used to model the outcomes of football matches are characterised by strong assumptions about the dependence between the number of goals scored by the two competing teams and their marginal distribution. In this…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-06 Marco Petretta , Lorenzo Schiavon , Jacopo Diquigiovanni

The analysis of high-intensity runs (or sprints) in soccer has long been a topic of interest for sports science researchers and practitioners. In particular, recent studies suggested contextualizing sprints based on their tactical purposes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Hyunsung Kim , Gun-Hee Joe , Jinsung Yoon , Sang-Ki Ko

Recent decades have seen an interest in prediction problems for which Bayesian methodology has been used ubiquitously. Sampling from or approximating the posterior predictive distribution in a Bayesian model allows one to make inferential…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-12 Giri Gopalan

The paper presents a plus-minus rating for use in association football (soccer). We first describe the standard plus-minus methodology as used in basketball and ice-hockey and then adapt it for use in soccer. The usual goal-differential…

Applications · Statistics 2017-06-16 Tarak Kharrat , Javier López Peña , Ian McHale