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The non-scientific event of a soccer match is analysed on a strictly scientific level. The analysis is based on the recently introduced concept of a team fitness (Eur. Phys. J. B 67, 445, 2009) and requires the use of finite-size scaling. A…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2010-03-03 Andreas Heuer , Christian Mueller , Oliver Rubner

The availability of massive data about sports activities offers nowadays the opportunity to quantify the relation between performance and success. In this study, we analyze more than 6,000 games and 10 million events in six European leagues…

Applications · Statistics 2017-11-17 Luca Pappalardo , Paolo Cintia

Forecasting sporting events encapsulate a compelling intellectual endeavor, underscored by the substantial financial activity of an estimated $80 billion wagered in global sports betting during 2022, a trend that grows yearly. Motivated by…

Ranking is used in sport leagues to determine a champion and/or to decide on promotion/relegation of teams. Arguably, the best known ranking method relies on scores obtained by cumulating the points associated with the wins and the draws of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-03-28 Leszek Szczecinski

Two new Bayesian methods for estimating and predicting in-game home team win probabilities are proposed. The first method has a prior that adjusts as a function of lead differential and time elapsed. The second is an adjusted version of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-26 Jason Maddox , Ryan Sides , Jane Harvill

We present an extensive statistical analysis of the results of all sports competitions in five major sports leagues in England and the United States. We characterize the parity among teams by the variance in the winning fraction from…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Ben-Naim , F. Vazquez , S. Redner

We consider the task of determining a football player's ability for a given event type, for example, scoring a goal. We propose an interpretable Bayesian model which is fit using variational inference methods. We implement a Poisson model…

Applications · Statistics 2020-09-24 Gavin A. Whitaker , Ricardo Silva , Daniel Edwards , Ioannis Kosmidis

Traditional NBA player evaluation metrics are based on scoring differential or some pace-adjusted linear combination of box score statistics like points, rebounds, assists, etc. These measures treat performances with the outcome of the game…

Applications · Statistics 2023-09-21 Sameer K. Deshpande , Shane T. Jensen

In this paper, we examine team ball sports to investigate how the likelihood of weaker teams winning against stronger ones, referred to as underdog achievement, is influenced by inherent randomness factors that affect match outcomes in such…

Applications · Statistics 2024-04-11 Luis Nunes Vicente , Thaksheel Alleck , Tommaso Giovannelli , Roman Mitchell , Ori Remen

Resilience is the ability to positively respond to adversity. It has been studied in psychology for several decades, with focus on how individuals overcome traumata or cope with setbacks and obstacles in their professional career. Research…

Applications · Statistics 2022-05-10 Ralph Stömmer

Statistical applications in sports have long centered on how to best separate signal (e.g. team talent) from random noise. However, most of this work has concentrated on a single sport, and the development of meaningful cross-sport…

Applications · Statistics 2017-11-23 Michael J. Lopez , Gregory J. Matthews , Benjamin S. Baumer

Expected goals (xG) models estimate the probability that a shot results in a goal from its context (e.g., location, pressure), but they operate only on observed shots. We propose xG+, a possession-level framework that first estimates the…

Applications · Statistics 2026-01-27 Jonathan Pipping-Gamón , Tianshu Feng , R. Paul Sabin

Penalties are fraught and game-changing moments in soccer games that teams explicitly prepare for. Consequently, there has been substantial interest in analyzing them in order to provide advice to practitioners. From a data science…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Lotte Bransen , Tim Janssen , Jesse Davis

We investigated the temporal distribution of goals in soccer using event-level data from 3,433 matches across 21 leagues and competitions. Contrary to the prevailing notion of randomness, we found that the probability of a goal being scored…

In this paper, we present a new application-focused benchmark dataset and results from a set of baseline Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning models for prediction of match outcomes for games of football (soccer). By doing so we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Ryan Beal , Stuart E. Middleton , Timothy J. Norman , Sarvapali D. Ramchurn

The standard mathematical approach to fourth-down decision making in American football is to make the decision that maximizes estimated win probability. Win probability estimates arise from machine learning models fit from historical data.…

Applications · Statistics 2025-02-03 Ryan S. Brill , Ronald Yurko , Abraham J. Wyner

Maddox, et al. [9, 10] establish Bayesian methods for estimating home-team in-game win probability for college and NBA basketball. This paper introduces a Bayesian approach for estimating in-game home-team win probability for Division-I FBS…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-29 Jason T. Maddox , Ryan Sides , Jane L. Harvill

It is challenging to get access to datasets related to the physical performance of soccer players. The teams consider such information highly confidential, especially if it covers in-game performance.Hence, most of the analysis and…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-03-18 Laszlo Gyarmati , Mohamed Hefeeda

Game Theory concepts have been successfully applied in a wide variety of domains over the past decade. Sports and games are one of the popular areas of game theory application owing to its merits and benefits in solving complex scenarios.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Ambareesh Ravi , Atharva Gokhale , Anchit Nagwekar

Machine learning models have become increasingly popular for predicting the results of soccer matches, however, the lack of publicly-available benchmark datasets has made model evaluation challenging. The 2023 Soccer Prediction Challenge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Calvin Yeung , Rory Bunker , Rikuhei Umemoto , Keisuke Fujii