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We provide a formal introduction into the classic theorems of general topology and its axiomatic foundations in set theory. Starting from ZFC, the exposition in this first part includes relation and order theory as well as a construction of…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2013-06-26 Felix Nagel

Here we have studied the ideas of $ sg_\lambda,s\lambda$ and $ s\beta_\lambda $-closed sets and investigated some of their properties in generalized topological spaces. We have also studied some low separation axioms namely $ s\lambda…

General Topology · Mathematics 2019-11-27 Jagannath Pal , Amar Kumar Banerjee

In this work, we Extend Pawlak approximation spaces by topological spaces. Also, Rough Membership, equality and inclusion relations are extended using topological near open sets. In addition, new extended measures of accuracy and quality of…

General Topology · Mathematics 2019-08-19 A. S. Salama , O. G. Elbarbary

We propose an implementation of the Smooth Selection Embedding Method (SSEM) in the setting of Chebyshev polynomials. The SSEM is a hybrid fictitious domain / collocation method which solves boundary value problems in complex domains by…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-02-12 Daniel Agress , Patrick Guidotti , Dong Yan

We introduce the notion of functionally compact sets into the theory of nonlinear generalized functions in the sense of Colombeau. The motivation behind our construction is to transfer, as far as possible, properties enjoyed by standard…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2016-03-01 Paolo Giordano , Michael Kunzinger

The \emph{Separation Lemma} is a simple yet powerful tool, akin to the well-known \emph{Isolation Lemma}, that guarantees the uniqueness of certain set sums. Bandopadhyay et al.\ introduced this lemma to establish lower bounds for the \ALP…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Abhishek Sahu

In [1] we introduced the concept of structured space, which is a topological space that locally resembles some algebraic structures. In [2] we proceeded the study of these spaces, developing two cohomology theories. The aim of this paper is…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2020-04-28 Manuel Norman

This letter introduces an abstract learning problem called the "set embedding": The objective is to map sets into probability distributions so as to lose less information. We relate set union and intersection operations with corresponding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Ke Sun , Frank Nielsen

The soft photon and soft graviton theorems of Weinberg are known to derive from conservation laws associated with asymptotic symmetries. Within the corresponding classical theories, one often speaks of spontaneous symmetry breaking and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-10 Shreyansh Agrawal , Kevin Nguyen

Covering-based rough set theory is an extension to classical rough set. The main purpose of this paper is to study covering rough sets from a topological point of view. The relationship among upper approximations based on topological spaces…

Databases · Computer Science 2012-07-30 Nguyen Duc Thuan

Conceptual spaces are geometric representations of conceptual knowledge, in which entities correspond to points, natural properties correspond to convex regions, and the dimensions of the space correspond to salient features. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-10-26 Shoaib Jameel , Steven Schockaert

The program of understanding Shape Theory layer by layer topologically and geometrically -- proposed in Part I -- is now addressed for 4 points in 1-$d$. Topological shape space graphs are far more complex here, whereas metric shape spaces…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-02-15 Edward Anderson

The Fuzzy Modeling has been applied in a wide variety of fields such as Engineering and Management Sciences and Social Sciences to solve a number Decision Making Problems which involve impreciseness, uncertainty and vagueness in data. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-29 Arindam Chaudhuri , Kajal De , Dipak Chatterjee

To represent anything from mathematical concepts to real-world objects, we have to resort to an encoding. Encodings, such as written language, usually assume a decoder that understands a rich shared code. A semantic embedding is a form of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Fernando Martin-Maroto , Gonzalo G. de Polavieja

Convergence spaces are a generalization of topological spaces. The category of convergence spaces is well-suited for Algebraic Topology, one of the reasons is the existence of exponential objects provided by continuous convergence. In this…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2024-12-24 Rodrigo Santos Monteiro

The immensely fruitful concept of Grothendieck topology or covering issued from the efforts of algebraic geometers to study "sheaf-like" objects defined on categories more general than the lattice of open sets on a topological space. In the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 John L. Bell

The embedding relations between Besov-Triebel-Sobolev spaces and modulation spaces are determined explicitly. We extend the results of Sugimoto[2007]; Wang[2007] and Kobayashi[2011] to the most general cases. And we give the sharp embedding…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-09-01 Yufeng Lu

I start with a scenario where the universe is an abstract space $\mathcal{M}$ having $d$ dimensions. There is a two dimensional surface embedded in it. Embedding is a map from the embedded surface to $\mathcal{M}$ that has a field theory…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-17 Abhishek Goswami

In this paper we introduce a new kind of topological space, called 'structured space', which locally resembles various kinds of algebraic structures. This can be useful, for instance, to locally study a space that cannot be globally endowed…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2020-03-27 Manuel Norman

We survey a (nonlinear) Fredholm theory for a new class of ambient spaces called polyfolds, and develop the analytical foundations for some of the applications of the theory. The basic feature of these new spaces, which can be finite and…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2010-02-19 Helmut Hofer , Kris Wysocki , Eduard Zehnder