Related papers: Neuroplasticity in adult human visual cortex

Neural plasticity is an important functionality of human brain, in which number of neurons and synapses can shrink or expand in response to stimuli throughout the span of life. We model this dynamic learning process as an $L_0$-norm…

In the mammalian brain newly acquired memories depend on the hippocampus for maintenance and recall, but over time these functions are taken over by the neocortex through a process called systems consolidation. However, reactivation of a…

Synaptic plasticity allows cortical circuits to learn new tasks and to adapt to changing environments. How do cortical circuits use plasticity to acquire functions such as decision-making or working memory? Neurons are connected in complex…

Humans and animals learn throughout life. Such continual learning is crucial for intelligence. In this chapter, we examine the pivotal role plasticity mechanisms with complex internal synaptic dynamics could play in enabling this ability in…

To learn useful dynamics on long time scales, neurons must use plasticity rules that account for long-term, circuit-wide effects of synaptic changes. In other words, neural circuits must solve a credit assignment problem to appropriately…

The fields of artificial intelligence and neuroscience have a long history of fertile bi-directional interactions. On the one hand, important inspiration for the development of artificial intelligence systems has come from the study of…

Neuroprosthesis, as one type of precision medicine device, is aiming for manipulating neuronal signals of the brain in a closed-loop fashion, together with receiving stimulus from the environment and controlling some part of our brain/body.…

Dyslexia is a neurological learning disability that primarily disrupts one's ability to read, write, and spell, affecting an estimated 15-20% of the global population. This high prevalence underscores the importance of developing effective…

Synaptic connections in neuronal circuits are modulated by pre- and post-synaptic spiking activity. Heuristic models of this process of synaptic plasticity can provide excellent fits to results from in-vitro experiments in which pre- and…

Most existing image restoration networks are designed in a disposable way and catastrophically forget previously learned distortions when trained on a new distortion removal task. To alleviate this problem, we raise the novel lifelong image…

General results from statistical learning theory suggest to understand not only brain computations, but also brain plasticity as probabilistic inference. But a model for that has been missing. We propose that inherently stochastic features…

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are typically confined to accomplishing pre-defined tasks by learning a set of static parameters. In contrast, biological neural networks (BNNs) can adapt to various new tasks by continually updating the…

"You never forget how to ride a bike", -- but how is that possible? The brain is able to learn complex skills, stop the practice for years, learn other skills in between, and still retrieve the original knowledge when necessary. The…

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), one of the leading causes of vision loss and blindness globally, is a progressive retinal disease involving the degradation of photoreceptors (7) and/or retinal pigment epithelial cells (14). Affecting…

Rich, spontaneous brain activity has been observed across a range of different temporal and spatial scales. These dynamics are thought to be important t for efficient neural functioning. Experimental evidence suggests that these neural…

Deep continual learning requires models to adapt to new tasks without retraining from scratch. However, neural networks can lose their ability to adapt to new tasks after training on previous ones, a phenomenon known as loss of plasticity.…

Presbyopia, a common age-related vision condition affecting most people as they age, often remains inadequately understood by those unaffected. To help bridge the gap between abstract accessibility knowledge and a more grounded appreciation…

Processes occurring in brains, a.k.a. biological neural networks, can and have been modeled within artificial neural network architectures. Due to this, we have conducted a review of research on the phenomenon of blindsight in an attempt to…

Today, more than 12 million people over the age of 40 suffer from ocular diseases. Most commonly, older patients are susceptible to age related macular degeneration, an eye disease that causes blurring of the central vision due to the…

Postural stability is linked to vision in everyone, since when the eyes are closed stability decreases by a factor of 2 or more. However, in persons with dyslexia postural stability is often deficient even when the eyes are open, since they…