Related papers: Neuroplasticity in adult human visual cortex
Macroscopic spin ensembles possess brain-like features such as non-linearity, plasticity, stochasticity, selfoscillations, and memory effects, and therefore offer opportunities for neuromorphic computing by spintronics devices. Here we…
Developmental dyslexia is characterized by persistent reading and spelling deficits. Partly due to technical challenges with investigating subcortical sensory structures, current research on dyslexia in humans by-and-large focuses on the…
Neuropeptides, members of a large and evolutionarily ancient family of proteinaceous cell-cell signaling molecules, are widely recognized as extremely potent regulators of brain function and behavior. At the cellular level, neuropeptides…
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an abnormal blood vessel development in the retina of a prematurely-born infant or an infant with low birth weight. ROP is one of the leading causes for infant blindness globally. Early detection of ROP…
As a means of dynamically reconfiguring the synaptic weight of a superconducting optoelectronic loop neuron, a superconducting flux storage loop is inductively coupled to the synaptic current bias of the neuron. A standard flux memory cell…
Visual object recognition -- the behavioral ability to rapidly and accurately categorize many visually encountered objects -- is core to primate cognition. This behavioral capability is algorithmically impressive because of the myriad…
Hebbian plasticity is a powerful principle that allows biological brains to learn from their lifetime experience. By contrast, artificial neural networks trained with backpropagation generally have fixed connection weights that do not…
Huang (arXiv:1612.03270) argues that the perceptual learning induced by our decoded neurofeedback method (DecNef) can be explained by Hebbian synaptic plasticity of connections between V1/V2 and V3/V4 rather than that within V1/V2, and that…
Plasticity is one of the most important properties of the nervous system, which enables animals to adjust their behavior to the ever-changing external environment. Changes in synaptic efficacy between neurons constitute one of the major…
It is generally accepted that human vision is an extremely powerful information processing system that facilitates our interaction with the surrounding world. However, despite extended and extensive research efforts, which encompass many…
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a progressive visual impairment affecting millions of individuals. Since there is no current treatment for the disease, the only means of improving the lives of individuals suffering from the…
The Hopfield model describes a neural network that stores memories using all-to-all-coupled spins. Memory patterns are recalled under equilibrium dynamics. Storing too many patterns breaks the associative recall process because frustration…
A spin glass is a diluted magnetic material in which the magnetic moments are randomly interacting, with a huge number of metastable states which prevent reaching equilibrium. Spin-glass models are conceptually simple, but require very…
The reciprocal impact of applied neuroscience and cognitive studies on humanities has been extensive and growing over the past 30 years of research. Studies on neuroaesthetics have provided novel insights in visual arts, music as well as…
With most recent estimates giving an incidence rate of 1 in 68 children in the United States, the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a growing public health crisis. Many of these children struggle to make eye contact, recognize facial…
Neurons regulate the distribution of signaling components across an extended tree-like cellular structure using both local and global feedback control. This is hypothesized to allow homeostatic control of the electrical activity of a neuron…
A substantial amount of time and energy has been invested to develop machine vision using connectionist (neural network) principles. Most of that work has been inspired by theories advanced by neuroscientists and behaviorists for how…
The human brain's computational prowess emerges not despite but because of its inherent "non-ideal factors"-noise, heterogeneity, structural irregularities, decentralized plasticity, systemic errors, and chaotic dynamics-challenging…
The effect of age at injury on outcome after acquired brain injury (ABI) has been the subject of much debate. Many argue that young brains are relatively tolerant of injury. A contrasting viewpoint due to Hebb argues that greater system…
Brain metastases are a complication of primary cancer, representing the most common type of brain tumor in adults. The management of multiple brain metastases represents a clinical challenge worldwide in finding the optimal treatment for…