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Attractors in parity games are a technical device for solving "alternating" reachability of given node sets. A well known solver of parity games - Zielonka's algorithm - uses such attractor computations recursively. We here propose new…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-05-20 Michael Huth , Jim Huan-Pu Kuo , Nir Piterman

Parity games are abstract infinite-round games that take an important role in formal verification. In the basic setting, these games are two-player, turn-based, and played under perfect information on directed graphs, whose nodes are…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Antonio Di Stasio , Aniello Murano , Giuseppe Perelli , Moshe Y. Vardi

An attractor decomposition meta-algorithm for solving parity games is given that generalises the classic McNaughton-Zielonka algorithm and its recent quasi-polynomial variants due to Parys (2019), and to Lehtinen, Schewe, and Wojtczak…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Marcin Jurdziński , Rémi Morvan , K. S. Thejaswini

Partial methods play an important role in formal methods and beyond. Recently such methods were developed for parity games, where polynomial-time partial solvers decide the winners of a subset of nodes. We investigate here how effective…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-09-15 Patrick Ah-Fat , Michael Huth

The quest for a polynomial time algorithm for solving parity games gained momentum in 2017 when two different quasipolynomial time algorithms were constructed. In this paper, we further analyse the second algorithm due to Jurdzi\'nski and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-01-30 Nathanaël Fijalkow

It is well-known that the winning region of a parity game with $n$ nodes and $k$ priorities can be computed as a $k$-nested fixpoint of a suitable function; straightforward computation of this nested fixpoint requires…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Daniel Hausmann , Lutz Schröder

This paper provides a polynomial-time algorithm for solving parity games that runs in $\mathcal{O}(n^{2}\cdot(n + m))$ time-ending a search that has taken decades. Unlike previous attractor-based algorithms, the presented algorithm only…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Rick van der Heijden

We propose a novel algorithm for the solution of mean-payoff games that merges together two seemingly unrelated concepts introduced in the context of parity games, small progress measures and quasi dominions. We show that the integration of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Massimo Benerecetti , Daniele Dell'Erba , Fabio Mogavero

The notion of separating automata was introduced by Bojanczyk and Czerwinski for understanding the first quasipolynomial time algorithm for parity games. In this paper we show that separating automata is a powerful tool for constructing…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Ashwani Anand , Nathanaël Fijalkow , Aliénor Goubault-Larrecq , Jérôme Leroux , Pierre Ohlmann

The McNaughton-Zielonka divide et impera algorithm is the simplest and most flexible approach available in the literature for determining the winner in a parity game. Despite its theoretical worst-case complexity and the negative reputation…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-09-08 Massimo Benerecetti , Daniele Dell'Erba , Fabio Mogavero

We consider the problem of solving random parity games. We prove that parity games exibit a phase transition threshold above $d_P$, so that when the degree of the graph that defines the game has a degree $d > d_P$ then there exists a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Richard Combes , Mikael Touati

We improve the complexity of solving parity games (with priorities in vertices) for $d={\omega}(\log n)$ by a factor of ${\theta}(d^2)$: the best complexity known to date was $O(mdn^{1.45+\log_2(d/\log_2(n))})$, while we obtain…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Paweł Parys , Aleksander Wiącek

Solving parity games, which are equivalent to modal $\mu$-calculus model checking, is a central algorithmic problem in formal methods. Besides the standard computation model with the explicit representation of games, another important…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Wolfgang Dvořák , Monika Henzinger , Alexander Svozil

We study algorithms for solving parity, mean-payoff and energy games. We propose a systematic framework, which we call Fast value iteration, for describing, comparing, and proving correctness of such algorithms. The approach is based on…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Michaël Cadilhac , Antonio Casares , Pierre Ohlmann

Parity games are simple infinite games played on finite graphs with a winning condition that is expressive enough to capture nested least and greatest fixpoints. Through their tight relationship to the modal mu-calculus, they are used in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-09-18 Tom van Dijk

So-called separation automata are in the core of several recently invented quasi-polynomial time algorithms for parity games. An explicit $q$-state separation automaton implies an algorithm for parity games with running time polynomial in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Alexander Kozachinskiy , Mikhail Vyalyi

Parity games play an important role for LTL synthesis as evidenced by recent breakthroughs on LTL synthesis, which rely in part on parity game solving. Yet state space explosion remains a major issue if we want to scale to larger systems or…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Oebele Lijzenga , Tom van Dijk

We give a converging semidefinite programming hierarchy of outer approximations for the set of quantum correlations of fixed dimension and derive analytical bounds on the convergence speed of the hierarchy. In particular, we give a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-05 Hyejung H. Jee , Carlo Sparaciari , Omar Fawzi , Mario Berta

We study parity games in which one of the two players controls only a small number $k$ of nodes and the other player controls the $n-k$ other nodes of the game. Our main result is a fixed-parameter algorithm that solves bipartite parity…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-12-12 Matthias Mnich , Heiko Röglin , Clemens Rösner

In 1998 Zielonka simplified the proofs of memoryless determinacy of infinite parity games. In 2018 Haddad simplified some proofs of memoryless determinacy of finite parity games. This article adapts Haddad's technique for infinite parity…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Stephane Le Roux