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Terrains are the main part of an electronic game. To reduce human effort on game development, procedural techniques are used to generate synthetic terrains. However rendering a terrain is not a trivial task. Their rendering techniques must…

Graphics · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Ricardo B. D. d'Oliveira , Antonio L. Apolinário

Procedural content generation (PCG) is a growing field, with numerous applications in the video game industry and great potential to help create better games at a fraction of the cost of manual creation. However, much of the work in PCG is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Michael Beukman , Manuel Fokam , Marcel Kruger , Guy Axelrod , Muhammad Nasir , Branden Ingram , Benjamin Rosman , Steven James

Procedural Content Generation for 3D game levels faces challenges in balancing spatial coherence, navigational functionality, and adaptable gameplay progression across multi-floor environments. This paper introduces a novel framework for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Kaijie Xu , Clark Verbrugge

In this paper, we present a method for automated persona-driven video game tutorial level generation. Tutorial levels are scenarios in which the player can explore and discover different rules and game mechanics. Procedural personas can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Michael Cerny Green , Ahmed Khalifa , M Charity , Julian Togelius

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) techniques enable automatic creation of diverse and complex environments. While PCG facilitates more efficient content creation, ensuring consistently high-quality, industry-standard content remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Mahdi Farrokhimaleki , Parsa Rahmati , Richard Zhao

Generating safety-critical scenarios is essential for testing and verifying the safety of autonomous vehicles. Traditional optimization techniques suffer from the curse of dimensionality and limit the search space to fixed parameter spaces.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Haolan Liu , Liangjun Zhang , Siva Kumar Sastry Hari , Jishen Zhao

In recent years, Procedural Level Generation via Machine Learning (PLGML) techniques have been applied to generate game levels with machine learning. These approaches rely on human-annotated representations of game levels. Creating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Mrunal Jadhav , Matthew Guzdial

As academic interest in procedural content generation (PCG) for games has increased, so has the need for methodologies for comparing and contrasting the output spaces of alternative PCG systems. In this paper we introduce and evaluate a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Oliver Withington , Laurissa Tokarchuk

Game level editing is the process of constructing a full game level starting from 3D asset libraries, e.g. 3d models, textures, shaders, scripts. In level editing, designers define the look and behavior of the whole level by placing…

Graphics · Computer Science 2016-03-03 Christian Santoni , Gabriele Salvati , Valentina Tibaldo , Fabio Pellacini

Automatic generation of level maps is a popular form of automatic content generation. In this study, a recently developed technique employing the {\em do what's possible} representation is used to create open-ended level maps. Generation of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Daniel Ashlock , Christoph Salge

Many advancements have been made in procedural content generation for games, and with mixed-initiative co-creativity, have the potential for great benefits to human designers. However, co-creative systems for game generation are typically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Rohan Agarwal , Zhiyu Lin , Mark Riedl

Continual learning refers to the ability of humans and animals to incrementally learn over time in a given environment. Trying to simulate this learning process in machines is a challenging task, also due to the inherent difficulty in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Enrico Meloni , Alessandro Betti , Lapo Faggi , Simone Marullo , Matteo Tiezzi , Stefano Melacci

Exploration is a key part of many video games. We investigate the using an exploratory agent to provide feedback on the design of procedurally generated game levels, 5 engaging levels and 5 unengaging levels. We expand upon a framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Bobby Khaleque , Mike Cook , Jeremy Gow

Generative models for level generation have shown great potential in game production. However, they often provide limited control over the generation, and the validity of the generated levels is unreliable. Despite this fact, only a few…

Behavior trees (BTs) are a popular method for modeling NPC and enemy AI behavior and have been widely used in commercial games. In this work, rather than use BTs to model game playing agents, we use them for modeling game design agents,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Anurag Sarkar , Seth Cooper

Recent research shows how diffusion models can unconditionally generate tile-based game levels, but use of diffusion models for text-to-level generation is underexplored. There are practical considerations for creating a usable model:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Jacob Schrum , Olivia Kilday , Emilio Salas , Bess Hagan , Reid Williams

Creating and evaluating games manually is an arduous and laborious task. Procedural content generation can aid by creating game artifacts, but usually not an entire game. Evolutionary game design, which combines evolutionary algorithms with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Lana Bertoldo Rossato , Leonardo Boaventura Bombardelli , Anderson Rocha Tavares

3D Content Generation is at the heart of many computer graphics applications, including video gaming, film-making, virtual and augmented reality, etc. This paper proposes a novel deep-learning based approach for automatically generating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yongzhi Xu , Yonhon Ng , Yifu Wang , Inkyu Sa , Yunfei Duan , Zhenhong Sun , Yang Li , Pan Ji , Hongdong Li

In computer games, traditional procedural terrain generation relies on a grid of vertices, with each point representing terrain elevation. For each square in the grid, two triangles are created by connecting fixed vertex indices, resulting…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Richard Tivolt

Training robots in simulation requires diverse 3D scenes that reflect the specific challenges of downstream tasks. However, scenes that satisfy strict task requirements, such as high-clutter environments with plausible spatial arrangement,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Nicholas Pfaff , Hongkai Dai , Sergey Zakharov , Shun Iwase , Russ Tedrake