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The association of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and the detection of a diffraction pattern at each probe position (so-called 4D-STEM) represents one of the most promising approaches to analyze structural properties of…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-01-26 Leonardo Corrêa , Eduardo Ortega , Arturo Ponce , Mônica Cotta , Daniel Ugarte

Accurate quantification of the energy distribution of backscattered electrons (BSEs) contributing to electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns remains as an active challenge. This study introduces an energy-resolved EBSD methodology…

We examine the effect of pattern quality on the output of high-angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD) analyses. Band contrast, as a proxy for pattern quality, was varied by adjusting the number of frames averaged per…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-07-31 Harison S. Wiesman , David Wallis

The technique known as 4D-STEM has recently emerged as a powerful tool for the local characterization of crystalline structures in materials, such as cathode materials for Li-ion batteries or perovskite materials for photovoltaics. However,…

Orientation mapping is a widely used technique for revealing the microstructure of a polycrystalline sample. The crystalline orientation at each point in the sample is determined by analysis of the diffraction pattern, a process known as…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-10-11 Peter Mahler Larsen , Søren Schmidt

A monolithic active pixel sensor based direct detector that is optimized for the primary beam energies in scanning electron microscopes is implemented for electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) applications. The high detection…

Multivariate statistical methods are widely used throughout the sciences, including microscopy, however, their utilisation for analysis of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data has not been adequately explored. The basic aim of most…

The three scanning electron microscope diffraction based techniques of electron channelling patterns (ECPs), electron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI), and electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) are reviewed. The dynamical diffraction…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-04-12 AJ Wilkinson , PB Hirsch

High-Resolution Electron Backscatter Diffraction (HR-EBSD) has advanced rapidly in recent years, significantly improving elastic strain measurements and dislocation density evaluation with submicron spatial resolution. To achieve better…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-04-20 Xinke Xiao , Tianle Ma , Lingxuan Shao , Jun Liu , Qiwei Shi , Canying Cai , Stéphane Roux

Electron backscatter diffraction is a widely used technique for nano- to micro-scale analysis of crystal structure and orientation. Backscatter patterns produced by an alloy solid solution matrix and its ordered superlattice exhibit only…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-10-13 Thomas P McAuliffe , David Dye , T Ben Britton

The recently developed information-theoretic approach to crystallographic symmetry classifications and quantifications in two dimensions (2D) from digital transmission electron and scanning probe microscope images is adapted for the…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-08-10 Peter Moeck , Lukas von Koch

Scanning electron microscopy combined with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and electron channeling provides rich crystallographic contrast, but the mutual influence of channeling-in and channeling-out is often simplified or…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-04-28 T. Ben Britton , M. Haroon Qaiser , Ruth M. Birch

Orientation determination does not necessarily require complete knowledge of the local atomic arrangement in a material. We present a method for microstructural phase discrimination and orientation analysis of phases for which there is only…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-06-06 Aimo Winkelmann , Grzegorz Cios , Tomasz Tokarski , Gert Nolze , Ralf Hielscher , Tomasz Kocieł

Microstructure characterisation has been greatly enhanced through the use of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), where rich maps are generated through analysis of the crystal phase and orientation in the scanning electron microscope…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-11-15 Vivian S Tong , Alexander J Knowles , David Dye , T Ben Britton

Techniques for training artificial neural networks (ANNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using simulated dynamical electron diffraction patterns are described. The premise is based on the following facts. First, given a suitable…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-03-08 Renliang Yuan , Jiong Zhang , Lingfeng He , Jian-Min Zuo

Scanning nanobeam electron diffraction (NBED) with fast pixelated detectors is a valuable technique for rapid, spatially resolved mapping of lattice structure over a wide range of length scales. However, intensity variations caused by…

In this study, the possibility of utilizing a computer vision algorithm, i.e., demons registration, to accurately remap electron backscatter diffraction patterns for high resolution electron backscatter diffraction applications is…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-12-30 Chaoyi Zhu , Kevin Kaufmann , Kenneth Vecchio

Materials characterization using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) requires indexing the orientation of the measured region from Kikuchi patterns. The quality of Kikuchi patterns can degrade due to pattern overlaps arising from two or…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-06-07 Ashish Chauniyal , Pascal Thome , Markus Stricker

We propose a framework for indexing of grain and sub-grain structures in electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) images of polycrystalline materials. The framework is based on a previously introduced physics-based forward model by Callahan…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-03-04 Yu-Hui Chen , Se Un Park , Dennis Wei , Gregory Newstadt , Michael Jackson , Jeff P. Simmons , Marc De Graef , Alfred O. Hero

Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns can exhibit Kikuchi bands with inverted contrast due to anomalous absorption. This can be observed, for example, on samples with nanoscale topography, in case of a low tilt backscattering…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-01-22 Grzegorz Cios , Aimo Winkelmann , Gert Nolze , Tomasz Tokarski , Benedykt R. Jany , Piotr Bała