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Related papers: Paths to Scalable Carbon Neutrality for MIT

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Machine Learning (ML) workloads have rapidly grown in importance, but raised concerns about their carbon footprint. Four best practices can reduce ML training energy by up to 100x and CO2 emissions up to 1000x. By following best practices,…

Footprints provide a way to estimate the relative impact of processes and products on the global climate. Including footprint analysis in a course on energy simultaneously provides students with an understanding of this tool and a…

Physics Education · Physics 2023-08-24 Seth A. Major

Environmental sustainability is a major and relevant challenge facing computing. Therefore, we must start teaching theory, techniques, and practices that both increase an awareness in our student population as well a provide concrete advice…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Henrik Bærbak Christensen , Maja Hanne Kirkeby , Bent Thomsen , Lone Leth Thomsen

This paper investigates strategic investments needed to mitigate transition risks, particularly focusing on sectors significantly impacted by the shift to a low-carbon economy. It emphasizes the importance of tailored sector-specific…

General Economics · Economics 2025-09-16 Jiayue Zhang , Tony S. Wirjanto , Lysa Porth , Ken Seng Tan

Computing is at a moment of profound opportunity. Emerging applications -- such as capable artificial intelligence, immersive virtual realities, and pervasive sensor systems -- drive unprecedented demand for computer. Despite recent…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Benjamin C. Lee , David Brooks , Arthur van Benthem , Udit Gupta , Gage Hills , Vincent Liu , Benjamin Pierce , Christopher Stewart , Emma Strubell , Gu-Yeon Wei , Adam Wierman , Yuan Yao , Minlan Yu

The carbon footprint of data centers has recently become a critical concern. So far, most carbon-aware strategies have focused on leveraging the flexibility of scheduling decisions for batch processing by shifting the time and location of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Kevin Kreutz , Philipp Wiesner , Monica Vitali

Climate physical risks pose an increasing threat to urban infrastructure, necessitating urgent climate adaptation measures to protect lives and assets. Implementing such measures, including the development of resilient infrastructure and…

General Economics · Economics 2025-02-25 Chao Li , Xing Su , Chao Fan , Jun Wang , Xiangyu Wang

The transition towards carbon-neutral electricity is one of the biggest game changers in addressing climate change since it addresses the dual challenges of removing carbon emissions from the two largest sectors of emitters: electricity and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Le Xie , Tong Huang , Xiangtian Zheng , Yan Liu , Mengdi Wang , Vijay Vittal , P. R. Kumar , Srinivas Shakkottai , Yi Cui

Carbon emissions significantly contribute to climate change, and carbon credits have emerged as a key tool for mitigating environmental damage and helping organizations manage their carbon footprint. Despite their growing importance across…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Qingwen Zeng , Hanlin Xu , Nanjun Xu , Zhenghao Zhao , Joakim Westerholm , Flora Salim , Junbin Gao , Huaming Chen

The move towards electric school buses (ESBs) marks a critical step in creating a healthier and more sustainable future for students. To meet the ambitious goal of zero-emission school buses by 2035,this review focuses on the need…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-06 Megh Bahadur KC , Ziqi Song

With increasing concerns over climate change, scientists must imperatively acknowledge their share in CO2 emissions. Considering the large emissions associated with scientific traveling - especially international conferences - initiatives…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-12-19 Anne Streb , Ryan Lively , Philip Llewellyn , Akihiko Matsumoto , Marco Mazzotti , Ronny Pini , Benoit Coasne

Carbon matching aims to improve corporate carbon accounting by tracking emissions rather than energy consumption and production. We present a mathematical derivation of carbon matching using marginal emission rates, where the unit of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-26 Nikky Avila , Hank He , Reza Rastegar , Jamie Tolan , Tobias Tiecke , Brian White

This paper describes Japan's scenario for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 and the policy that should be adopted by the ILC in Japan in line with that policy. This paper only discusses CO2 emissions during operation, not the lifecycle…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-08-28 Masakazu Yoshioka

The soaring energy demands of large-scale software ecosystems and cloud data centers, accelerated by the intensive training and deployment of large language models, have driven energy consumption and carbon footprint to unprecedented…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jialin Yang , Zainab Saad , Jiajun Wu , Xiaoguang Niu , Henry Leung , Steve Drew

Realizing a shared responsibility between providers and consumers is critical to manage the sustainability of HPC. However, while cost may motivate efficiency improvements by infrastructure operators, broader progress is impeded by a lack…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Alok Kamatar , Maxime Gonthier , Valerie Hayot-Sasson , Andre Bauer , Marcin Copik , Torsten Hoefler , Raul Castro Fernandez , Kyle Chard , Ian Foster

India, being one of the fastest growing economies of the world, must take a sustainable path for development. India is responsible for 7 percent of global CO2 emissions. The electricity sector accounts for nearly 35 percent of emissions…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Parvathy Sobha

Carbon footprint quantification is key to well-informed decision making over carbon reduction potential, both for individuals and for companies. Many carbon footprint case studies for products and services have been circulated recently. Due…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Boris Ruf , Marcin Detyniecki

Addressing the urgency of climate change necessitates a coordinated and inclusive effort from all relevant stakeholders. Critical to this effort is the modeling, analysis, control, and integration of technological innovations within the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-23 Le Xie , Subir Majumder , Tong Huang , Qian Zhang , Ping Chang , David J. Hill , Mohammad Shahidehpour

We propose a vision for directing research and education in the ICT field. Our Smart and Sustainable World vision targets at prosperity for the people and the planet through better awareness and control of both human-made and natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Jukka Riekki , Aarne Mämmelä

Accurate reporting of energy and carbon usage is essential for understanding the potential climate impacts of machine learning research. We introduce a framework that makes this easier by providing a simple interface for tracking realtime…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Peter Henderson , Jieru Hu , Joshua Romoff , Emma Brunskill , Dan Jurafsky , Joelle Pineau