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Popular Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS) algorithms for online planning, such as epsilon-greedy tree search and UCT, aim at rapidly identifying a reasonably good action, but provide rather poor worst-case guarantees on performance improvement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-09-27 Zohar Feldman , Carmel Domshlak

We introduce a recursive AlphaZero-style Monte--Carlo tree search algorithm, "RMCTS". The advantage of RMCTS over AlphaZero's MCTS-UCB is speed. In RMCTS, the search tree is explored in a breadth-first manner, so that network inferences…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Keith Frankston , Benjamin Howard

In this work, a non-gaited framework for legged system locomotion is presented. The approach decouples the gait sequence optimization by considering the problem as a decision-making process. The redefined contact sequence problem is solved…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Lorenzo Amatucci , Joon-Ha Kim , Jemin Hwangbo , Hae-Won Park

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is an effective test-time compute scaling (TTCS) method for improving the reasoning performance of large language models, but its highly variable execution time leads to severe long-tail latency in practice.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Hongbeen Kim , Juhyun Lee , Sanghyeon Lee , Kwanghoon Choi , Jaehyuk Huh

Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is one of the most-widely used methods for planning, and has powered many recent advances in artificial intelligence. In MCTS, one typically performs computations (i.e., simulations) to collect statistics…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Eren Sezener , Peter Dayan

Flexible implementations of Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), combined with domain specific knowledge and hybridization with other search algorithms, can be powerful for finding the solutions to problems in complex planning. We introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Larkin Liu , Jun Tao Luo

We explore how a general AI algorithm can be used for 3D scene understanding to reduce the need for training data. More exactly, we propose a modification of the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) algorithm to retrieve objects and room layouts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Shreyas Hampali , Sinisa Stekovic , Sayan Deb Sarkar , Chetan Srinivasa Kumar , Friedrich Fraundorfer , Vincent Lepetit

Today's automated vehicles lack the ability to cooperate implicitly with others. This work presents a Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) based approach for decentralized cooperative planning using macro-actions for automated vehicles in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Karl Kurzer , Chenyang Zhou , J. Marius Zöllner

This paper introduces COR-MCTS (Conservation of Resources - Monte Carlo Tree Search), a novel tactical decision-making approach for automated driving focusing on maneuver planning over extended horizons. Traditional decision-making…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Karim Essalmi , Fernando Garrido , Fawzi Nashashibi

Standard planners for sequential decision making (including Monte Carlo planning, tree search, dynamic programming, etc.) are constrained by an implicit sequential planning assumption: The order in which a plan is constructed is the same in…

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) scales poorly in cooperative multi-agent domains because expansion must consider an exponentially large set of joint actions, severely limiting exploration under realistic search budgets. We propose NonZero,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Sizhe Tang , Zuyuan Zhang , Mahdi Imani , Tian Lan

Much current research in AI and games is being devoted to Monte Carlo search (MCS) algorithms. While the quest for a single unified MCS algorithm that would perform well on all problems is of major interest for AI, practitioners often know…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Francis Maes , David Lupien St-Pierre , Damien Ernst

Proof-Number Search (PNS) and Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) have been successfully applied for decision making in a range of games. This paper proposes a new approach called PN-MCTS that combines these two tree-search methods by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Elliot Doe , Mark H. M. Winands , Dennis J. N. J. Soemers , Cameron Browne

The integration of autonomous vehicles into urban and highway environments necessitates the development of robust and adaptable behavior planning systems. This study presents an innovative approach to address this challenge by utilizing a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Qianfeng Wen , Zhongyi Gong , Lifeng Zhou , Zhongshun Zhang

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) methods have achieved great success in many Artificial Intelligence (AI) benchmarks. The in-tree operations become a critical performance bottleneck in realizing parallel MCTS on CPUs. In this work, we develop…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Yuan Meng , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor Prasanna

This paper proposes a new game-search algorithm, PN-MCTS, which combines Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) and Proof-Number Search (PNS). These two algorithms have been successfully applied for decision making in a range of domains. We define…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Jakub Kowalski , Elliot Doe , Mark H. M. Winands , Daniel Górski , Dennis J. N. J. Soemers

In this work, we consider the popular tree-based search strategy within the framework of reinforcement learning, the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), in the context of infinite-horizon discounted cost Markov Decision Process (MDP). While…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-14 Devavrat Shah , Qiaomin Xie , Zhi Xu

Few real-world hybrid systems are amenable to formal verification, due to their complexity and black box components. Optimization-based falsification---a methodology of search-based testing that employs stochastic optimization---is…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-08-14 Zhenya Zhang , Gidon Ernst , Sean Sedwards , Paolo Arcaini , Ichiro Hasuo

Diverse, top-k, and top-quality planning are concerned with the generation of sets of solutions to sequential decision problems. Previously this area has been the domain of classical planners that require a symbolic model of the problem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Lyndon Benke , Tim Miller , Michael Papasimeon , Nir Lipovetzky

Strategy video games challenge AI agents with their combinatorial search space caused by complex game elements. State abstraction is a popular technique that reduces the state space complexity. However, current state abstraction methods for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Linjie Xu , Jorge Hurtado-Grueso , Dominic Jeurissen , Diego Perez Liebana , Alexander Dockhorn