Related papers: X-ray optics and beam characterization using rando…
Formation of a bright-field microscopic image of a transparent phase object is described in terms of elementary geometrical optics. Our approach is based on the premise that image replicates the intensity distribution (real or virtual) at…
Light beams can be characterized by their complex spatial profiles in both intensity and phase. Analogous to time signals, which can be decomposed into multiple orthogonal frequency functions, a light beam can also be decomposed into a set…
Variation of the phase of the beam transmitted through a crystalline material as a function of the rocking angle is a well known dynamical effect in x-ray scattering. Unfortunately, it is not so easy to measure directly these phase…
Light scattering within scattering media presents a substantial obstacle to optical transmission. A speckle pattern with random amplitude and phase distribution is observed when coherent light travels through strong scattering media.…
We experimentally generate three-dimensional speckles with customized intensity statistics. By modulating the phase front of a laser beam, far-field speckle patterns maintain the designed intensity probability density function while…
The values of the signal-to-noise ratio are determined, at which the method of processing X-ray diffraction data reveals reflections with intensity less than the noise component of the background. The possibilities of the method are…
Random light fields -- commonly known as speckles -- demonstrate Rayleigh intensity statistics and only possess local correlations: which occur within the individual speckle grains. In this work, we develop an experimental method for…
We develop a general method for customizing the intensity statistics of speckle patterns on a target plane. By judiciously modulating the phase-front of a monochromatic laser beam, we experimentally generate speckle patterns with…
Phase imaging techniques extract the optical path-length information of a scene, whereas wavefront sensors provide the shape of an optical wavefront. Since these two applications have different technical requirements, they have developed…
Quantum light is described not only by a quantum state but also by the shape of the electromagnetic modes on which the state is defined. Optical precision measurements often estimate a ``mode parameter'' that determines properties such as…
Recent advances in propagation-based phase-contrast imaging, such as hierarchical imaging, have enabled the visualization of internal structures in large biological specimens and material samples. However, modulation-based techniques, which…
We describe a multispeckle dynamic light scattering technique capable of resolving the motion of scattering sites in cases that this motion changes systematically with time. The method is based on the visibility of the speckle pattern…
The ever-increasing brightness of synchrotron radiation sources demands improved x-ray optics to utilise their capability for imaging and probing biological cells, nano-devices, and functional matter on the nanometre scale with chemical…
Ultrashort light pulses are ubiquitous in modern research, but the electromagnetic field of the optical cycles is usually not easy to obtain as a function of time. Field-resolved pulse characterization requires either a nonlinear-optical…
In this chapter we present a brief summary of methods, instruments and calibration techniques used in modern astronomical polarimetry in the optical wavelengths. We describe the properties of various polarization devices and detectors used…
Emerging quality requirements in modern optical systems increase the need for accurate simulation and compensation of disturbances. One key disturbance in high-power laser applications results from thermal loading due to absorption. This…
Strong optical laser fields modify the way x rays interact with matter. This allows us to use x rays to gain deeper insight into strong-field processes. Alternatively, optical lasers may be utilized to control the propagation of x rays…
The quantitative phase image formation process is posed as a problem of parameter estimation from intensity measurements. This approach is inclusive of traditional pixel-oriented imaging, where the sought parameters are the pixel values.…
We have implemented the newly-introduced, coherence-based technique of x-ray near-field speckle (XNFS) at 8-ID-I at the Advanced Photon Source. In the near field regime of high-brilliance synchrotron x-rays scattered from a sample of…
Temporal-spectral modes of light provide a fundamental window into the nature of atomic and molecular systems and offer robust means for information encoding. Methods to precisely characterize the temporal-spectral state of light at the…