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In manufacturing processes, surface inspection is a key requirement for quality assessment and damage localization. Due to this, automated surface anomaly detection has become a promising area of research in various industrial inspection…

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is an emerging experimental method to characterize the structure of large biomolecular assemblies. Single particle cryo-EM records 2D images (so-called micrographs) of projections of the three-dimensional…

Applications · Statistics 2013-12-02 Mikhail Langovoy , Michael Habeck , Bernhard Schoelkopf

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is indispensable in modern materials science, enabling high-resolution imaging across a wide range of structural, chemical, and functional investigations. However, SEM imaging remains constrained by…

Atomic-resolution imaging with scanning transmission electron microscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing the nanoscale structure of materials, in particular features such as defects, local strains, and symmetry-breaking distortions.…

In this article, a new scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image composition technique is described, which can significantly reduce drift related image corruptions. Drift-distortion commonly causes blur and distortions in the SEM images.…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2010-08-09 Petr Cizmar , Andras E. Vladar , Michael T. Postek

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) has become the main stay for materials characterization on atomic level, with applications ranging from visualization of localized and extended defects to mapping order parameter fields. In…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-01-15 Xin Li , Ondrej Dyck , Sergei V. Kalinin , Stephen Jesse

Nowadays, modern electron microscopes deliver images at atomic scale. The precise atomic structure encodes information about material properties. Thus, an important ingredient in the image analysis is to locate the centers of the atoms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-09-13 Benjamin Berkels , Benedikt Wirth

Although defocus can be used to generate partial phase contrast in transmission electron microscope images, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) can be further improved by the development of phase plates which increase contrast by applying a…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-14 Jeremy J. Axelrod , Jessie T. Zhang , Petar N. Petrov , Robert M. Glaeser , Holger Mueller

Quantifying the population of nanoscale defects that are formed in metals and alloys exposed to extreme radiation environments remains a pressing challenge in materials science. These defects both fundamentally alter material properties and…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-04-26 Charles A. Hirst , Cody A. Dennett

Properties of crystalline materials are closely linked to microstructure arising from the spatial arrangement, orientation, and phase of nanocrystals. Rapid characterization of crystalline microstructure can accelerate the identification of…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-02-16 Kwanghwi Je , Ellis R. Kennedy , Sungin Kim , Yao Yang , Erik H. Thiede

We introduce a new image contrast mechanism for scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) that derives from the local symmetry within the specimen. For a given position of the electron probe on the specimen, the image intensity is…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-12-30 Matus Krajnak , Joanne Etheridge

Complex oxide interfaces have been one of the central focuses in condensed matter physics and material science. Over the past decade, aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy has proven to be…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-04-29 Hangwen Guo , Mohammad Saghayezhian , Zhen Wang , Yimei Zhu , Jiandi Zhang , Ward Plummer

Digital image comparison and matching brings many advantages over the traditional subjective human comparison, including speed and reproducibility. Despite the existence of an abundance of image difference metrics, most of them are not…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-06-07 Manuel Ederer , Stefan Löffler

A new material characterization technique is emerging for the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Using electron energy-loss spectroscopy, real space mappings of the underlying electronic transitions in the sample, so called orbital…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-05-26 Manuel Ederer , Stefan Löffler

Internal properties of a sample can be observed by medical imaging tools, such as ultrasound devices, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) which are based on relying on changes in material density or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Mehrdad Shafiei Dizaji , Devin Harris

Observing the individual building blocks of matter is one of the primary goals of microscopy. The invention of the scanning tunneling microscope [1] revolutionized experimental surface science in that atomic-scale features on a solid-state…

Materials Science · Physics 2008-08-04 Jannik C. Meyer , C. O. Girit , M. F. Crommie , A. Zettl

The key to optimizing spatial resolution in a state-of-the-art scanning transmission electron microscope is the ability to precisely measure and correct for electron optical aberrations of the probe-forming lenses. Several diagnostic…

Error-control-coding (ECC) techniques are widely used in modern digital communication systems to minimize the effect of noisy channels on the quality of received signals. Motivated by the fact that both communication and imaging can be…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-09-20 Xiaopeng Wang , Zunwang Bo , Zihuai Lin , Wenlin Gong , Branka Vucetic , Shensheng Han

There is a clear need for developments in characterisation techniques that provide detailed information about structure-function relationships in biology. Using electron microscopy to achieve high resolution while maintaining a broad field…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-09-12 Chen Huang , Judy S. Kim , Angus I. Kirkland

Despite being applied with success in many fields of materials science, Raman spectroscopy is not yet determinant in the study of electroceramics. Recent experimental and theoretical developments, however, should increase the popularity of…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-11-03 Marco Deluca , Hailong Hu , Maxim N. Popov , Jürgen Spitaler , Thomas Dieing