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In this paper we consider the Liouville equation $\Delta u +\lambda^2 e^{\,u}=0$ with Dirichlet boundary conditions in a two dimensional, doubly connected domain $\Omega$. We show that there exists a simple, closed curve $\gamma\subset…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-08-02 Michal Kowalczyk , Angela Pistoia , Giusi Vaira

The purpose of this article is threefold. First, we show that when one explores a conformal loop ensemble of parameter $\kappa=4$ ($\mathrm{CLE}_4$) on an independent $2$-Liouville quantum gravity ($2$-LQG) disk, the surfaces which are cut…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-22 Emmanuel Kammerer

Physics considerations suggest that a theory of Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) should exist for all values of matter central charge $\mathbf{c} \in (-\infty,25)$. Probabilists have rigorously defined LQG as a random metric measure space…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-07-03 Joshua Pfeffer

For $\xi \geq 0$ and $d \geq 3$, the higher-dimensional Liouville first passage percolation (LFPP) is a random metric on $\epsilon \mathbb{Z}^d$ obtained by reweighting each vertex by $e^{\xi h_\epsilon(x)}$, where $h_\epsilon(x)$ is a…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-04-15 Andres A. Contreras Hip , Zijie Zhuang

In this paper we prove the following Liouville-type theorem: any anisotropic minimal graph with free boundary in the half-space must be flat, provided that the graph function has at most one-sided linear growth. This extends the classical…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Guofang Wang , Wei Wei , Chao Xia , Xuwen Zhang

The dS/CFT correspondence postulates the existence of a Euclidean CFT dual to a suitable gravity theory with Dirichlet boundary conditions asymptotic to de Sitter spacetime. A semi-classical model of such a correspondence consists of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-04-30 Geoffrey Compère , Laura Donnay , Pierre-Henry Lambert , Waldemar Schulgin

Consider the random Cayley graph of a finite Abelian group $G$ with respect to $k$ generators chosen uniformly at random, with $1 \ll \log k \ll \log |G|$. Draw a vertex $U \sim \operatorname{Unif}(G)$. We show that the graph distance…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-14 Jonathan Hermon , Sam Olesker-Taylor

We study the boundary correlation functions in Liouville theory and in solvable statistical models of 2D quantum gravity. In Liouville theory we derive functional identities for all fundamental boundary structure constants, similar to the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-05 Ivan K. Kostov , Benedicte Ponsot , Didina Serban

Recent works have shown that there is a canonical way to to assign a metric (distance function) to a Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surface for any parameter $\gamma \in (0,2)$. We establish a strong confluence property for LQG geodesics,…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-01-19 Ewain Gwynne , Joshua Pfeffer , Scott Sheffield

Over the past few decades, two natural random surface models have emerged within physics and mathematics. The first is Liouville quantum gravity, which has its roots in string theory and conformal field theory from the 1980s and 1990s. The…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-12-06 Jason Miller

2D quantum gravity is the idea that a set of discretized surfaces (called map, a graph on a surface), equipped with a graph measure, converges in the large size limit (large number of faces) to a conformal field theory (CFT), and in the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-07-04 Séverin Charbonnier , Bertrand Eynard , François David

For Brownian surfaces with boundary and an interior marked point, a natural observable to consider is the distance profile, defined as the process of distances from the marked point to a variable point $x$ lying on the boundary. When the…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-10-23 Manan Bhatia

In Liouville quantum gravity (or $2d$-Gaussian multiplicative chaos) one seeks to define a measure $\mu^h = e^{\gamma h(z)} dz$ where $h$ is an instance of the Gaussian free field on a planar domain $D$. Since $h$ is a distribution, not a…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-03-28 Scott Sheffield , Menglu Wang

We find a lower bound for the Hausdorff dimension that a Liouville Brownian motion spends in $\alpha$-thick points of the Gaussian Free Field, where $\alpha$ is not necessarily equal to the parameter used in the construction of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-12-05 Henry Jackson

The conditional diameter of a connected graph $\Gamma=(V,E)$ is defined as follows: given a property ${\cal P}$ of a pair $(\Gamma_1, \Gamma_2)$ of subgraphs of $\Gamma$, the so-called \emph{conditional diameter} or ${\cal P}$-{\em…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 J. A. Rodriguez

We consider the $\gamma$-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) model for $\gamma \in (0,2)$, formally described by $e^{\gamma h}$ where $h$ is a Gaussian free field on a planar domain $D$. Sheffield showed that when a certain type of LQG surface,…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-02-02 Liam Hughes , Jason Miller

We study the asymptotic growth of the diameter of a graph obtained by adding sparse "long" edges to a square box in $\Z^d$. We focus on the cases when an edge between $x$ and $y$ is added with probability decaying with the Euclidean…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-01-31 Marek Biskup

Let $\{\eta(v): v\in V_N\}$ be a discrete Gaussian free field in a two-dimensional box $V_N$ of side length $N$ with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We study the Liouville first passage percolation, i.e., the shortest path metric where each…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-03-19 Jian Ding , Fuxi Zhang

For $\gamma \in (0,2)$, the quantum disk and $\gamma$-quantum wedge are two of the most natural types of Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surfaces with boundary. These surfaces arise as scaling limits of finite and infinite random planar…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-05-12 Morris Ang , Ewain Gwynne

We re-examine the nonperturbative curvature properties of two-dimensional Euclidean quantum gravity, obtained as the scaling limit of a path integral over dynamical triangulations of a two-sphere, which lies in the same universality class…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-05-05 R. Loll , T. Niestadt