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Stochastic Chemical Reaction Networks are continuous time Markov chain models that describe the time evolution of the molecular counts of species interacting stochastically via discrete reactions. Such models are ubiquitous in systems and…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-01 Theodore W. Grunberg , Domitilla Del Vecchio

Neural networks have shown great success in many machine learning related tasks, due to their ability to act as general function approximators. Recent work has demonstrated the effectiveness of neural networks in control systems (known as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-13 Matthew Newton , Antonis Papachristodoulou

This study investigates the behavior of Causal Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with quasi-linear activation functions when applied to time-series data characterized by multimodal frequency content. We demonstrate that, once trained,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Kiran Bacsa , Wei Liu , Xudong Jian , Huangbin Liang , Eleni Chatzi

We mathematically prove that chemical reaction networks without hidden layers can solve tasks for which spiking neural networks require hidden layers. Our proof uses the deterministic mass-action kinetics formulation of chemical reaction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sophie Jaffard , Ivo F. Sbalzarini

Neural networks are widely used to approximate unknown functions in control. A common neural network architecture uses a single hidden layer (i.e. a shallow network), in which the input parameters are fixed in advance and only the output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Andrew Lamperski , Siddharth Salapaka

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) often perform well, but their stability is poorly understood. To address this problem, we consider the simple prototypical problem of signal denoising, where classical approaches such as nonlinear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Tobias Alt , Joachim Weickert , Pascal Peter

In this paper, we introduce chemical functions, a unified framework that models chemical systems as noisy challenge--response primitives, and formalize the associated chemical function infrastructure. Building on the theory of physical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Frederik Walter , Hrishi Narayanan , Jessica Bariffi , Anne Lüscher , Rawad Bitar , Robert Grass , Antonia Wachter-Zeh , Zohar Yakhini

Within a fully microscopic setting, we derive a variational principle for the non-equilibrium steady states of chemical reaction networks, valid for time-scales over which chemical potentials can be taken to be slowly varying: at…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-05 Andrea De Martino , Daniele De Martino , Roberto Mulet , Guido Uguzzoni

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are widely used throughout neuroscience as models of local neural activity. Many properties of single RNNs are well characterized theoretically, but experimental neuroscience has moved in the direction of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Leo Kozachkov , Michaela Ennis , Jean-Jacques Slotine

Function approximation from input and output data pairs constitutes a fundamental problem in supervised learning. Deep neural networks are currently the most popular method for learning to mimic the input-output relationship of a general…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Nikos Kargas , Nicholas D. Sidiropoulos

Chemical systems are interpreted through the species they contain and the reactions they may undergo, i.e., their chemical reaction network (CRN). In spite of their central importance to chemistry, the structure of CRNs continues to be…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-06-17 Alex Blokhuis , Martijn van Kuppeveld , Daan van de Weem , Robert Pollice

Hebbian theory seeks to explain how the neurons in the brain adapt to stimuli, to enable learning. An interesting feature of Hebbian learning is that it is an unsupervised method and as such, does not require feedback, making it suitable in…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-06-07 Jakub Fil , Neil Dalchau , Dominique Chu

Chemically reacting flows are common in engineering, such as hypersonic flow, combustion, explosions, manufacturing processes and environmental assessments. For combustion, the number of reactions can be significant (over 100) and due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Thomas S. Brown , Harbir Antil , Rainald Löhner , Fumiya Togashi , Deepanshu Verma

We address the challenge of identifying all real positive steady states in chemical reaction networks (CRNs) governed by mass-action kinetics. Traditional numerical methods often require specific initial guesses and may fail to find all the…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-29 Paola Ferrari , Sara Sommariva , Michele Piana , Federico Benvenuto , Matteo Varbaro

The Chemical Reaction Networks (CRN) interpreted through the differential semantics, even when restricted to elementary reactions with mass action law kinetics, form a Turing-complete language. This means that any computable real function…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-25 Mathieu Hemery

The power and expressivity of deep classical neural networks can be attributed to non-linear input-output relations. Such non-linearities are at the heart of many computational tasks, such as data classification and pattern recognition.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Mario Boneberg , Federico Carollo , Igor Lesanovsky

The Chemical Reaction Network (CRN) is a well-studied model that describes the interaction of molecules in well-mixed solutions. In 2014, Qian and Winfree [22] proposed the abstract surface chemical reaction network model (sCRN), which…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Yi-Xuan Lee , Ho-Lin Chen

An approach to stabilization of control systems with ultimately wide ranges of uncertainly disturbed parameters is offered. The method relies on using of nonlinear structurally stable functions from catastrophe theory as controllers.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2009-01-20 Viktor Ten

A cellular non-linear network (CNN) is a uniform regular array of locally connected continuous-state machines, or nodes, which update their states simultaneously in discrete time. A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an electro-chemical reactor…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2017-03-07 Michail-Antisthenis Tsompanas , Andrew Adamatzky , Ioannis Ieropoulos , Neil Phillips , Georgios Ch. Sirakoulis , John Greenman

While the field of first-principles explorations into chemical reaction space has been continuously growing, the development of strategies for analyzing resulting chemical reaction networks (CRNs) is lagging behind. A CRN consists of…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-12-19 Paul L. Türtscher , Markus Reiher