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Generating explanations for neural networks has become crucial for their applications in real-world with respect to reliability and trustworthiness. In natural language processing, existing methods usually provide important features which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Hanjie Chen , Guangtao Zheng , Yangfeng Ji

Semantic composition remains an open problem for vector space models of semantics. In this paper, we explain how the probabilistic graphical model used in the framework of Functional Distributional Semantics can be interpreted as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-04 Guy Emerson , Ann Copestake

This paper develops a methodology for representing machine learning models as models of formal theories, grounded in the perspective that machine learning models are a form of database and that databases are models of theories in coherent…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-17 Matthew Pugh , Jo Grundy , Corina Cirstea , Nick Harris

The flow of information through a complex system can be readily understood with category theory. However, negative information (e.g., what is not possible) does not have an immediately evident categorical representation. The formalization…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-06-27 Vincent Abbott , Gioele Zardini

Many neural nets appear to represent data as linear combinations of "feature vectors." Algorithms for discovering these vectors have seen impressive recent success. However, we argue that this success is incomplete without an understanding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Martin Wattenberg , Fernanda B. Viégas

In this article, we study directed graphs (digraphs) with a coloring constraint due to Von Neumann and related to Nim-type games. This is equivalent to the notion of kernels of digraphs, which appears in numerous fields of research such as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-02-06 Cyril Banderier , Jean-Marie Le Bars , Vlady Ravelomanana

If $\mathbf{C}$ is a category with pullbacks then there is a bicategory with the same objects as $\mathbf{C}$, spans as morphisms, and maps of spans as 2-morphisms, as shown by Benabou. Fong has developed a theory of "decorated" cospans,…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2017-09-20 Kenny Courser

Calculi of string diagrams are increasingly used to present the syntax and algebraic structure of various families of circuits, including signal flow graphs, electrical circuits and quantum processes. In many such approaches, the semantic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Brendan Fong , Fabio Zanasi

Applied category theory provides powerful mathematical tools for modelling processes and their composition. Symmetric monoidal categories, which involve series and parallel composition, are particularly well-suited for describing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Muhammad Hamza Waseem

The method of constructing of Grothendieck's topology basing on a neighbourhood grammar, defined on the category of syntax diagrams is described in the article. Syntax diagrams of a formal language are the multigraphs with nodes, signed by…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2008-02-29 Vladimir Lapshin

This thesis aims to develop a compositional theory for the operational semantics of networks. The networks considered are described by either internal or enriched graphs. In the internal case we focus on $\mathsf{Q}$-nets, a generalization…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-28 Jade Master

Complex information-processing systems, for example quantum circuits, cryptographic protocols, or multi-player games, are naturally described as networks composed of more basic information-processing systems. A modular analysis of such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-27 Christopher Portmann , Christian Matt , Ueli Maurer , Renato Renner , Björn Tackmann

Deep Neural Networks have often been called the black box because of the complex, deep architecture and non-transparency presented by the inner layers. There is a lack of trust to use Artificial Intelligence in critical and high-precision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Frincy Clement , Ji Yang , Irene Cheng

Finite graphs that have a common chromatic polynomial have the same number of regular $n$-colorings. A natural question is whether there exists a natural bijection between regular $n$-colorings. We address this question using a functorial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-08-12 Masahiko Yoshinaga

Regulatory networks depict promoting or inhibiting interactions between molecules in a biochemical system. We introduce a category-theoretic formalism for regulatory networks, using signed graphs to model the networks and signed functors to…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2024-08-07 Rebekah Aduddell , James Fairbanks , Amit Kumar , Pablo S. Ocal , Evan Patterson , Brandon T. Shapiro

We introduce a graphical language for closed symmetric monoidal categories based on an extension of string diagrams with special bracket wires representing internal homs. These bracket wires make the structure of the internal hom functor…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Callum Reader , Alessandro Di Giorgio

One goal of applied category theory is to understand open systems. We compare two ways of describing open systems as cospans equipped with extra data. First, given a functor $L \colon \mathsf{A} \to \mathsf{X}$, a "structured cospan" is a…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-07 John C. Baez , Kenny Courser , Christina Vasilakopoulou

We develop a representation theory of categories as a means to explore characteristic structures in algebra. Characteristic structures play a critical role in isomorphism testing of groups and algebras, and their construction and…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Peter A. Brooksbank , Heiko Dietrich , Joshua Maglione , E. A. O'Brien , James B. Wilson

The Distributional Compositional Categorical (DisCoCat) model is a mathematical framework that provides compositional semantics for meanings of natural language sentences. It consists of a computational procedure for constructing meanings…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-06-21 Bob Coecke , Edward Grefenstette , Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh

Categorical semantics of type theories are often characterized as structure-preserving functors. This is because in category theory both the syntax and the domain of interpretation are uniformly treated as structured categories, so that we…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Shin-ya Katsumata , Xavier Rival , Jérémy Dubut