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Agent decision making using Reinforcement Learning (RL) heavily relies on either a model or simulator of the environment (e.g., moving in an 8x8 maze with three rooms, playing Chess on an 8x8 board). Due to this dependence, small changes in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Wenjun Li , Pradeep Varakantham , Dexun Li

ATARI is a suite of video games used by reinforcement learning (RL) researchers to test the effectiveness of the learning algorithm. Receiving only the raw pixels and the game score, the agent learns to develop sophisticated strategies,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Le Zhang , Yong Gu , Xin Zhao , Yanshuo Zhang , Shu Zhao , Yifei Jin , Xinxin Wu

Inspired by recent work in attention models for image captioning and question answering, we present a soft attention model for the reinforcement learning domain. This model uses a soft, top-down attention mechanism to create a bottleneck in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Alex Mott , Daniel Zoran , Mike Chrzanowski , Daan Wierstra , Danilo J. Rezende

Existing reinforcement learning environment libraries use monolithic environment classes, provide shallow methods for altering agent observation and action spaces, and/or are tied to a specific simulation environment. The Core Reinforcement…

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has effectively enhanced gameplay experiences and game design across various game genres. However, few studies on fighting game agents have focused explicitly on enhancing player enjoyment, a critical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Shouren Wang , Zehua Jiang , Fernando Sliva , Sam Earle , Julian Togelius

Computer games are very challenging to handle for traditional automated testing algorithms. In this paper we will look at intelligent agents as a solution. Agents are suitable for testing games, since they are reactive and able to reason…

The task of building general agents that perform well over a wide range of tasks has been an important goal in reinforcement learning since its inception. The problem has been subject of research of a large body of work, with performance…

The complexity of computer games is ever increasing. In this setup, guiding an automated test algorithm to find a solution to solve a testing task in a game's huge interaction space is very challenging. Having a model of a system to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Samira Shirzadehhajimahmood , I. S. W. B. Prasetya , Frank Dignum , Mehdi Dastani

We introduce a new software toolbox for agent-based simulation. Facilitating rapid prototyping by offering a user-friendly Python API, its core rests on an efficient C++ implementation to support simulation of large-scale multi-agent…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-09-22 Peter Belcak , Jan-Peter Calliess , Stefan Zohren

Reliable real-world deployment of reinforcement learning (RL) methods requires a nuanced understanding of their strengths and weaknesses and how they compare to those of humans. Human-machine systems are becoming more prevalent and the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Eric Pulick , Vladimir Menkov , Yonatan Mintz , Paul Kantor , Vicki Bier

Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently shown impressive performance in complex game AI and robotics tasks. To a large extent, this is thanks to the availability of simulated environments such as OpenAI Gym, Atari Learning Environment, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Rajkumar Ramamurthy , Rafet Sifa , Christian Bauckhage

Cognitive science and psychology suggest that object-centric representations of complex scenes are a promising step towards enabling efficient abstract reasoning from low-level perceptual features. Yet, most deep reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Quentin Delfosse , Jannis Blüml , Bjarne Gregori , Sebastian Sztwiertnia , Kristian Kersting

The main focus of this paper is on enhancement of two types of game-theoretic learning algorithms: log-linear learning and reinforcement learning. The standard analysis of log-linear learning needs a highly structured environment, i.e.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-19 Mohammadhosein Hasanbeig , Lacra Pavel

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a transformative approach in the domains of automation and robotics, offering powerful solutions to complex problems that conventional methods struggle to address. In scenarios where the problem…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Meraj Mammadov

Deep reinforcement learning agents are notoriously sample inefficient, which considerably limits their application to real-world problems. Recently, many model-based methods have been designed to address this issue, with learning in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Vincent Micheli , Eloi Alonso , François Fleuret

Recent progress in Reinforcement Learning (RL), fueled by its combination, with Deep Learning has enabled impressive results in learning to interact with complex virtual environments, yet real-world applications of RL are still scarce. A…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-01 Vitaly Kurin , Sebastian Nowozin , Katja Hofmann , Lucas Beyer , Bastian Leibe

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is essential for evolving Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous agents capable of long-horizon planning, yet a practical recipe for scaling RL in complex, multi-turn environments remains elusive. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Xixi Wu , Qianguo Sun , Ruiyang Zhang , Chao Song , Junlong Wu , Yiyan Qi , Hong Cheng

In the real world, agents often have to operate in situations with incomplete information, limited sensing capabilities, and inherently stochastic environments, making individual observations incomplete and unreliable. Moreover, in many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Akshat Agarwal , Abhinau Kumar , Kyle Dunovan , Erik Peterson , Timothy Verstynen , Katia Sycara

We study reinforcement learning (RL) for text-based games, which are interactive simulations in the context of natural language. While different methods have been developed to represent the environment information and language actions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Yunqiu Xu , Meng Fang , Ling Chen , Yali Du , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Chengqi Zhang

Deep Reinforcement Learning has been shown to be very successful in complex games, e.g. Atari or Go. These games have clearly defined rules, and hence allow simulation. In many practical applications, however, interactions with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Andreas Merentitis , Kashif Rasul , Roland Vollgraf , Abdul-Saboor Sheikh , Urs Bergmann