Related papers: $2$-stratifolds with fundamental group $\mathbb{Z}…
We prove the 2-torus $\mathbb T$, an abelian linear algebraic group, is a fine moduli space of labeled, oriented, possibly-degenerate inscribable similarity classes of triangles, where a triangle is {\it inscribable} if it can be inscribed…
We show that the fundamental groups of any two closed irreducible non-geometric graph-manifolds are quasi-isometric. This answers a question of Kapovich and Leeb. We also classify the quasi-isometry types of fundamental groups of…
We characterize all permutations which realize as the $z$-monodromies of faces in connected simple finite graphs embedded in surfaces whose duals are also simple.
Squaregraphs were originally defined as finite plane graphs in which all inner faces are quadrilaterals (i.e., 4-cycles) and all inner vertices (i.e., the vertices not incident with the outer face) have degrees larger than three. The planar…
Intuitively speaking, a bipartite graph is mirror if it can be drawn in the Cartesian plane in such a way that, the vertices of one stable are points in x=0, the vertices of the other stable set are points in x=1, the edges are straight…
Consider the smooth quadric Q_6 in P^7. The middle homology group H_6(Q_6,Z) is two-dimensional with a basis given by two classes of linear subspaces. We classify all threefolds of bidegree (1,p) inside Q_6.
Charts are oriented labeled graphs in a disk. Any simple surface braid (2-dimensional braid) can be described by using a chart. Also, a chart represents an oriented closed surface (called a surface-link) embedded in 4-space. In this paper,…
Just as point objects are parallel transported along curves, giving holonomies, string-like objects are parallel transported along surfaces, giving surface holonomies. Composition of these surfaces correspond to products in a category…
We give an explicit handy (and cocycle-free) description of the groupoid of weak maps between two crossed-modules in terms of certain digrams of groups which we we call a {\em butterflies}. We define composition of butterflies and this way…
Group presentations are implicit descriptions of 2-dimensional cell complexes with only one vertex. While such complexes are usually sufficient for topological investigations of groups, multi-vertex complexes are often preferable when the…
Let $Z$ be a non-compact two-dimensional manifold and $\Delta$ be a one-dimensional foliation of $Z$ such that $\partial Z$ consists of leaves of $\Delta$ and each leaf of $\Delta$ is a non-compact closed subset of $Z$. We obtain a…
Let $\mathbf{\Sigma}=(\Sigma,M,O)$ be a surface with marked points and order-2 orbifold points which is either unpunctured or once-punctured closed, and $\omega:O\rightarrow\{1,4\}$ a function. For each triangulation $\tau$ of…
We investigate zigzags in triangulations of connected closed $2$-dimensional surfaces and show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between triangulations with homogeneous zigzags and closed $2$-cell embeddings of directed Eulerian…
In \cite{Oh22}, the second author defined a complex of groups decomposition of the fundamental group of a finitely generated 2-dimensional special group, called an \emph{intersection complex}, which is a quasi-isometry invariant. In this…
It is classical that given any Seifert structure on N, Reidemeister-Schreier's algorithm produces a presentation of all index 2 subgroups of the fundamental group of N, described as the fundamental group of some Seifert manifolds. The new…
An answer to the question investigated in this paper brings a new characterization of internal groupoids such that: (a) it holds even when finite limits are not assumed to exist; (b) it is a full subcategory of the category of…
Point-determining graphs are graphs in which no two vertices have the same neighborhoods, co-point-determining graphs are those whose complements are point-determining, and bi-point-determining graphs are those both point-determining and…
The graph braid group of a complete bipartite graph is the fundamental group of a configuration space of points on the graph, which is a CAT(0) cube complex. We combine an analysis of the topology of links of vertices in this complex, the…
Let $\Gamma$ denote a bipartite distance-regular graph with diameter $D \ge 4$ and valency $k \ge 3$. Let $X$ denote the vertex set of $\Gamma$, and let $A$ denote the adjacency matrix of $\Gamma$. For $x \in X$ let $T=T(x)$ denote the…
Bipartite graphs are a fundamental concept in graph theory with diverse applications. A graph is bipartite iff it contains no odd cycles, a characteristic that has many implications in diverse fields ranging from matching problems to the…