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We map the problem of determining flat-foldability of the origami diagram onto the ground-state search problem of spin glass model on random graphs. If the origami diagram is locally flat-foldable around each vertex, a pre-folded diagram,…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-04-01 Chihiro Nakajima

A single-vertex origami is a piece of paper with straight-line rays called creases emanating from a fold vertex placed in its interior or on its boundary. The Single-Vertex Origami Flattening problem asks whether it is always possible to…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2010-03-19 Gaiane Panina , Ileana Streinu

We consider the problem of deciding, given a sequence of regions, if there is a choice of points, one for each region, such that the induced polyline is simple or weakly simple, meaning that it can touch but not cross itself. Specifically,…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Thijs van der Horst , Tim Ophelders , Bart van der Steenhoven

Origami and kirigami have emerged as potential tools for the design of mechanical metamaterials whose properties such as curvature, Poisson ratio, and existence of metastable states can be tuned using purely geometric criteria. A major…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-03-31 Bryan Gin-ge Chen , Bin Liu , Arthur A. Evans , Jayson Paulose , Itai Cohen , Vincenzo Vitelli , C. D. Santangelo

We prove that testing the flat foldability of an origami crease pattern (either labeled with mountain and valley folds, or unlabeled) is fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by the ply of the flat-folded state and by the treewidth…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-06-22 David Eppstein

The complexity of representing a polynomial by a Read-Once Oblivious Algebraic Branching Program (ROABP) is highly dependent on the chosen variable ordering. Bhargava et al. prove that finding the optimal ordering is NP-hard, and provide…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-09-17 C. Ramya , Pratik Shastri

We prove that the pleated hyperbolic paraboloid, a familiar origami model known since 1927, in fact cannot be folded with the standard crease pattern in the standard mathematical model of zero-thickness paper. In contrast, we show that the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2009-06-26 Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Vi Hart , Gregory N. Price , Tomohiro Tachi

We prove that the problem of deciding whether a 2- or 3-dimensional simplicial complex embeds into $\mathbb{R}^3$ is NP-hard. Our construction also shows that deciding whether a 3-manifold with boundary tori admits an $\mathbb{S}^{3}$…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-08-23 Arnaud de Mesmay , Yo'av Rieck , Eric Sedgwick , Martin Tancer

This paper investigates the computational complexity of deciding whether the vertices of a graph can be partitioned into a disjoint union of cliques and a triangle-free subgraph. This problem is known to be $\NP$-complete on arbitrary…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-04-10 Carl Feghali , Faisal N. Abu-Khzam , Haiko Müller

Controlling the connectivity and rigidity of kirigami, i.e. the process of cutting paper to deploy it into an articulated system, is critical in the manifestations of kirigami in art, science and technology, as it provides the resulting…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-03-31 Gary P. T. Choi , Lucy Liu , L. Mahadevan

Miura-ori is well-known for its capability of flatly folding a sheet of paper through a tessellated crease pattern made of repeating parallelograms. Many potential applications have been based on the Miura-ori and its primary variations.…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2020-04-09 Zeyuan He , Simon D. Guest

A folded disk is bistable, as it can be popped through to an inverted state with elastic energy localized in a small, highly-deformed region on the fold. Cutting out this singularity relaxes the surrounding material and leads to a loss of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-05-25 T. Yu , I. Andrade-Silva , M. A. Dias , J. A. Hanna

Origami, the traditional paper-folding art, has inspired the modern design of numerous flexible structures in science and engineering. In particular, origami structures with different physical properties have been studied and utilized for…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-07-24 Rongxuan Li , Gary P. T. Choi

Deciding whether a graph can be embedded in a grid using only unit-length edges is NP-complete, even when restricted to binary trees. However, it is not difficult to devise a number of graph classes for which the problem is polynomial, even…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-04-13 Vinícius G. P. de Sá , Guilherme D. da Fonseca , Raphael Machado , Celina M. H. de Figueiredo

We investigate the graphs formed from the vertices and creases of an origami pattern that can be folded flat along all of its creases. As we show, this is possible for a tree if and only if the internal vertices of the tree all have even…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-07-16 David Eppstein

Origami-based design holds promise for developing materials whose mechanical properties are tuned by crease patterns introduced to thin sheets. Although there has been heuristic developments in constructing patterns with desirable…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-08-05 Arthur A. Evans , Jesse L. Silverberg , Christian D. Santangelo

This work explores the relationship between solution space and time complexity in the context of the $\textbf{P}$ vs. $\textbf{NP}$ problem, particularly through the lens of the sliding tile puzzle and root finding algorithms. We focus on…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-01-22 Roy Burson

The problem that we consider is the following: given an $n \times n$ array $A$ of positive numbers, find a tiling using at most $p$ rectangles (which means that each array element must be covered by some rectangle and no two rectangles must…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Grzegorz Głuch , Krzysztof Loryś

Self-folding origami has emerged as a tool to make functional objects in material science. The common idea is to pattern a sheet with creases and activate them to have the object fold spontaneously into a desired configuration. This article…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-08-20 Ling Lan

Disk contact representations realize graphs by mapping vertices bijectively to interior-disjoint disks in the plane such that two disks touch each other if and only if the corresponding vertices are adjacent in the graph. Deciding whether a…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-09-03 Boris Klemz , Martin Nöllenburg , Roman Prutkin