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We propose an extended demand response program, based on ancillary service for supplying flexible electricity demand. In our proposed scheme, we suggest a broader management model to control the scheduling and power consumption of Bitcoin…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-19 Elinor Ginzburg-Ganz , Ittay Eyal , Ram Machlev , Dmitry Baimel , Leena Santosh , Juri Belikov , Yoash Levron

The Bitcoin protocol allows to save arbitrary data on the blockchain through a special instruction of the scripting language, called OP_RETURN. A growing number of protocols exploit this feature to extend the range of applications of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-03-02 Massimo Bartoletti , Livio Pompianu

There are no solid arguments to sustain that digital currencies are the future of online payments or the disruptive technology that some of its former participants declared when used to face critiques. This paper aims to solve the…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-12-03 Obryan Poyser

Mining fairness in blockchain refers to equality between the computational resources invested in mining and the block rewards received. There exists a dilemma wherein increasing the transaction processing capacity of a blockchain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Akira Sakurai , Kazuyuki Shudo

Offchain networks provide a promising solution to overcome the scalability challenges of cryptocurrencies. However, design tradeoffs of offchain networks are still not well-understood today. In particular, offchain networks typically rely…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Saar Tochner , Stefan Schmid

Background: During the last years, there has been a lot of discussion and estimations on the energy consumption of Bitcoin miners. However, most of the studies are focused on estimating energy consumption, not in exploring the factors that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Jesus M. Gonzalez-Barahona

The emerging cryptocurrency market has lately received great attention for asset allocation due to its decentralization uniqueness. However, its volatility and brand new trading mode have made it challenging to devising an acceptable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Fengrui Liu , Yang Li , Baitong Li , Jiaxin Li , Huiyang Xie

Mining blocks in a blockchain using the \textit{Proof-of-Work} consensus protocol involves significant risk, as network participants face continuous operational costs while earning infrequent capital gains upon successfully mining a block.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Pierre-Olivier Goffard , Hansjoerg Albrecher , Jean-Pierre Fouque

The bitcoin peer-to-peer network has drawn significant attention from researchers, but so far has mostly focused on publicly visible portions of the network, i.e., publicly reachable peers. This mostly ignores the hidden parts of the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-09-21 Liang Wang , Ivan Pustogarov

We analyze bribing attacks in Proof-of-Stake distributed ledgers from a game theoretic perspective. In bribing attacks, an adversary offers participants a reward in exchange for instructing them how to behave, with the goal of attacking the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Dimitris Karakostas , Aggelos Kiayias , Thomas Zacharias

Proof-of-Stake blockchains based on a longest-chain consensus protocol are an attractive energy-friendly alternative to the Proof-of-Work paradigm. However, formal barriers to "getting the incentives right" were recently discovered, driven…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Matheus V. X. Ferreira , S. Matthew Weinberg

The mining process in blockchain requires solving a proof-of-work puzzle, which is resource expensive to implement in mobile devices due to the high computing power and energy needed. In this paper, we, for the first time, consider edge…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Zehui Xiong , Shaohan Feng , Wenbo Wang , Dusit Niyato , Ping Wang , Zhu Han

Off-chain transaction channels represent one of the leading techniques to scale the transaction throughput in cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. They allow multiple agents to route payments through one another. So far, the topology and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Yotam Sali , Aviv Zohar

This paper conducts an extensive analysis of Bitcoin return series, with a primary focus on three volatility metrics: historical volatility (calculated as the sample standard deviation), forecasted volatility (derived from GARCH-type…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-01-05 Cristina Chinazzo , Vahidin Jeleskovic

The current onion routing implementation of Tribler works as expected but throttles the overall throughput of the Tribler system. This article discusses a measuring procedure to reproducibly profile the tunnel implementation so further…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-07-02 Quinten Stokkink , Harmjan Treep , Johan Pouwelse

In this paper, we discuss the method of Bayesian regression and its efficacy for predicting price variation of Bitcoin, a recently popularized virtual, cryptographic currency. Bayesian regression refers to utilizing empirical data as proxy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-10-07 Devavrat Shah , Kang Zhang

Mining 29,000 accounting ratios for t-statistics $> 2.0$ leads to cross-sectional return predictability similar to the peer review process. For both, $\approx50\%$ of predictability remains after the original sample periods. This finding…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-01-01 Andrew Y. Chen , Alejandro Lopez-Lira , Tom Zimmermann

Mining attacks aim to gain an unfair share of extra rewards in the blockchain mining. Selfish mining can preserve discovered blocks and strategically release them, wasting honest miners' computing resources and getting higher profits.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Jiaping Yu , Shang Gao , Rui Song , Zhiping Cai , Bin Xiao

Miners play a key role in cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin: they invest substantial computational resources in processing transactions and minting new currency units. It is well known that an attacker controlling more than half of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Matteo Romiti , Aljosha Judmayer , Alexei Zamyatin , Bernhard Haslhofer

Explaining changes in bitcoin's price and predicting its future have been the foci of many research studies. In contrast, far less attention has been paid to the relationship between bitcoin's mining costs and its price. One popular notion…

General Economics · Economics 2022-04-28 John E. Marthinsen , Steven R. Gordon