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Here we describe the coupled standardisation of two complementary fluorescence imaging techniques and apply it to liquid-liquid phase separated condensates formed from an EGFP fluorescent reporter of Flowering Control Locus A (FCA), a…
Conformational changes of single proteins are monitored in real time by Forster-type resonance energy transfer, FRET. Two different fluorophores have to be attached to those protein domains, which move during function. The distance between…
The rate-limiting step of some enzymatic reactions is a physical step, i.e. diffusion. The efficiency of such reactions can be improved through an increase in the arrival rate of the substrate molecules, e.g. by a directed passage of…
Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is an emerging noninvasive technique that measures the tissue blood flow, by using near-infrared coherent point-source illumination to detect spectral changes. While machine learning has demonstrated…
Single-shot ultrafast absorbance spectroscopy based on the frequency encoding of the kinetics is analyzed theoretically and implemented experimentally. The kinetics are sampled in the frequency domain using linearly chirped, amplified 33 fs…
Super-resolution light microscopy overcomes the physical barriers due to light diffraction, allowing for the observation of otherwise indistinguishable subcellular entities. However, the specific acquisition conditions required by…
FoF1-ATP synthases in Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria are membrane-bound enzymes which use an internal proton-driven rotary double motor to catalyze the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). According to the 'chemiosmotic…
Optical detection and spectroscopy of single molecules has become an indispensable tool in biological imaging and sensing. Its success is based on fluorescence of organic dye molecules under carefully engineered laser illumination. In this…
Single-molecule narrowfield microscopy is a versatile tool to investigate a diverse range of protein dynamics in live cells and has been extensively used in bacteria. Here, we describe how these methods can be extended to larger eukaryotic,…
On a daily basis we stir tee or coffee with a spoon and leave it to rest. We know empirically the larger the stickiness, viscosity, of the fluid, more rapidly its velocity slows down. It is surprising, therefore, that the variation, the…
Single-molecule surface enhanced Raman scattering (SM-SERS) is one of the vital applications of plasmonic nanoparticles. The SM-SERS sensitivity critically depends on plasmonic hot-spots created at the vicinity of such nanoparticles. In…
A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) can do more than atomic imaging and manipulation. Its tunneling current can also be used for the excitation of light, converting electron energy to photon energy. STM based single-molecule…
Single-molecule F\"orster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is increasingly being used to determine distances, structures, and dynamics of biomolecules in vitro and in vivo. However, generalized protocols and FRET standards ensuring both…
The advent of single molecule microscopy has revolutionized biological investigations by providing a powerful tool for the study of intercellular and intracellular trafficking processes of protein molecules which was not available before…
We derive the statistics of the signals generated by shape fluctuations of large molecules studied by feedback tracking microscopy. We account for the influence of intramolecular dynamics on the response of the tracking system, and derive a…
Localization of single fluorescent molecules is key for physicochemical and biophysical measurements such as single-molecule tracking and super-resolution imaging by single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). Recently a series of…
Single molecule localization microscopy is a recently developed superresolution imaging technique to visualize structural properties of single cells. The basic principle consists in chemically attaching fluorescent dyes to the molecules,…
We present a new scheme for performing optical spectroscopy on single molecules. A glass capillary with a diameter of 600 nm filled with an organic crystal tightly guides the excitation light and provides a maximum spontaneous emission…
A major theme in constraint-based modeling is unifying experimental data, such as biochemical information about the reactions that can occur in a system or the composition and localization of enzyme complexes, with highthroughput data…
The interplay between the oxidation state and the optical properties of molecules plays a key role for applications in displays, sensors or molecular-based memories. The fundamental mechanisms occurring at the level of a single-molecule…