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One of the most well-known variants of the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) [Burrows and Wheeler, 1994] is the bijective BWT (BBWT) [Gil and Scott, arXiv 2012], which applies the extended BWT (EBWT) [Mantaci et al., TCS 2007] to the multiset…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Dominik Köppl , Daiki Hashimoto , Diptarama Hendrian , Ayumi Shinohara

A general class of unidirectional transforms is presented that can be computed in a distributed manner along an arbitrary routing tree. Additionally, we provide a set of conditions under which these transforms are invertible. These…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-05-14 Godwin Shen , Antonio Ortega

It is known that the exact form of the Burrows-Wheeler-Transform (BWT) of a string collection depends, in most implementations, on the input order of the strings in the collection. Reordering strings of an input collection affects the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Davide Cenzato , Veronica Guerrini , Zsuzsanna Lipták , Giovanna Rosone

Cartesian tree matching is a form of generalized pattern matching where a substring of the text matches with the pattern if they share the same Cartesian tree. This form of matching finds application for time series of stock prices and can…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Eric M. Osterkamp , Dominik Köppl

In this paper we describe algorithms for computing the BWT and for building (compressed) indexes in external memory. The innovative feature of our algorithms is that they are lightweight in the sense that, for an input of size $n$, they use…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-09-25 Paolo Ferragina , Travis Gagie , Giovanni Manzini

We propose a new technique for creating a space-efficient index for large repetitive text collections, such as pangenomic databases containing sequences of many individuals from the same species. We combine two recent techniques from this…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Adrián Goga , Andrej Baláž

Given a string $T$ on an alphabet of size $\sigma$, we describe a bidirectional Burrows-Wheeler index that takes $O(|T|\log{\sigma})$ bits of space, and that supports the addition \emph{and removal} of one character, on the left or right…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Fabio Cunial , Djamal Belazzougui

Motivation: Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is a common component in full-text indices. Initially developed for data compression, it is particularly powerful for encoding redundant sequences such as pangenome data. However, BWT construction…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-10 Heng Li

We propose algorithms that, given the input string of length $n$ over integer alphabet of size $\sigma$, construct the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT), the permuted longest-common-prefix (PLCP) array, and the LZ77 parsing in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Dominik Kempa

Motivated by challenges in pangenomic read alignment, we propose a generalization of Wheeler graphs that we call Wheeler maps. A Wheeler map stores a text $T[1..n]$ and an assignment of tags to the characters of $T$ such that we can…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Andrej Baláz , Travis Gagie , Adrián Goga , Simon Heumos , Gonzalo Navarro , Alessia Petescia , Jouni Sirén

Compressed suffix arrays (CSAs) index large repetitive collections and are key in many text applications. The r-index and its derivatives combine the run-length Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) with suffix array sampling to achieve space…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Diego Díaz-Domínguez , Veli Mäkinen

The compression of highly repetitive strings (i.e., strings with many repetitions) has been a central research topic in string processing, and quite a few compression methods for these strings have been proposed thus far. Among them, an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Takaaki Nishimoto , Shunsuke Kanda , Yasuo Tabei

Parameterized strings are a generalization of strings in that their characters are drawn from two different alphabets, where one is considered to be the alphabet of static characters and the other to be the alphabet of parameter characters.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Daiki Hashimoto , Diptarama Hendrian , Dominik Köppl , Ryo Yoshinaka , Ayumi Shinohara

In this paper, we consider the problem of compressing a trie while supporting the powerful \emph{locate} queries: to return the pre-order identifiers of all nodes reached by a path labeled with a given query pattern. Our result builds on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Nicola Prezza

When building Burrows-Wheeler Transforms (BWTs) of truly huge datasets, prefix-free parsing (PFP) can use an unreasonable amount of memory. In this paper we show how if a dataset can be broken down into small datasets that are not very…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Diego Diaz-Dominguez , Travis Gagie , Veronica Guerrini , Ben Langmead , Zsuzsanna Liptak , Giovanni Manzini , Francesco Masillo , Vikram Shivakumar

We survey the different methods used for extending the BWT to collections of strings, following largely [Cenzato and Lipt\'ak, CPM 2022, Bioinformatics 2024]. We analyze the specific aspects and combinatorial properties of the resulting BWT…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Davide Cenzato , Zsuzsanna Lipták , Nadia Pisanti , Giovanna Rosone , Marinella Sciortino

Bearing data compression is vital to manage the large volumes of data generated during condition monitoring. In this paper, a novel asymmetrical autoencoder with a lifting wavelet transform (LWT) layer is developed to compress bearing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Xin Zhu , Ahmet Enis Cetin

The run-length compressed Burrows-Wheeler transform (RLBWT) used in conjunction with the backward search introduced in the FM index is the centerpiece of most compressed indexes working on highly-repetitive data sets like biological…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Jin Jie Deng , Wing-Kai Hon , Dominik Köppl , Kunihiko Sadakane

The Positional Burrows--Wheeler Transform (PBWT) is a data structure designed for efficiently representing and querying large collections of sequences, such as haplotype panels in genomics. Forward and backward stepping operations --…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Paola Bonizzoni , Davide Cozzi , Younan Gao

Modern transportation network modeling increasingly involves the integration of diverse methodologies including sensor-based forecasting, reinforcement learning, classical flow optimization, and demand modeling that have traditionally been…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Xuesong , Zhou , Taehooie Kim , Mostafa Ameli , Henan , Zhu , Yu- dai Honma , Ram M. Pendyala