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The Burrows-Wheeler-Transform (BWT), a reversible string transformation, is one of the fundamental components of many current data structures in string processing. It is central in data compression, as well as in efficient query algorithms…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Sara Giuliani , Shunsuke Inenaga , Zsuzsanna Lipták , Nicola Prezza , Marinella Sciortino , Anna Toffanello

Motivation The Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) is the foundation of many algorithms for compression and indexing of text data, but the cost of computing the BWT of very large string collections has prevented these techniques from being…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Anthony J. Cox , Markus J. Bauer , Tobias Jakobi , Giovanna Rosone

In 1994, Burrows and Wheeler developed a data compression algorithm which performs significantly better than Lempel-Ziv based algorithms. Since then, a lot of work has been done in order to improve their algorithm, which is based on a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Dragos Trinca

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is often taught in undergraduate courses on algorithmic bioinformatics, because it underlies the FM-index and thus important tools such as Bowtie and BWA. Its admirers consider the BWT a thing of beauty…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Travis Gagie , Giovanni Manzini , Marinella Sciortino

A weight based dynamic compression method has recently been proposed, which is especially suitable for the encoding of files with locally skewed distributions. Its main idea is to assign larger weights to closer to be encoded symbols by…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Aharon Fruchtman , Yoav Gross , Shmuel T. Klein , Dana Shapira

Due to the exponential growth of genomic data, constructing dedicated data structures has become the principal bottleneck in common bioinformatics applications. In particular, the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is the basis of some of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Francesco Masillo

In this article we extend the elegant in-place Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) algorithm proposed by Crochemore et al. (Crochemore et al., 2015). Our extension is twofold: we first show how to compute simultaneously the longest common…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-06-08 Felipe A. Louza , Travis Gagie , Guilherme P. Telles

Run-length encoding Burrows-Wheeler Transformed strings, resulting in Run-Length BWT (RLBWT), is a powerful tool for processing highly repetitive strings. We propose a new algorithm for online RLBWT working in run-compressed space, which…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-10-17 Tatsuya Ohno , Yoshimasa Takabatake , Tomohiro I , Hiroshi Sakamoto

Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) is an invertible text transformation that, given a text $T$ of length $n$, permutes its symbols according to the lexicographic order of suffixes of $T$. BWT is one of the most heavily studied algorithms in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Dominik Kempa , Tomasz Kociumaka

We present a new semi-external algorithm that builds the Burrows--Wheeler transform variant of Bauer et al. (a.k.a., BCR BWT) in linear expected time. Our method uses compression techniques to reduce computational costs when the input is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Diego Díaz-Domínguez , Gonzalo Navarro

Popular sequence alignment tools such as BWA convert a reference genome to an indexing data structure based on the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT), from which matches to individual query sequences can be rapidly determined. However the…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2013-04-23 Anthony J. Cox , Tobias Jakobi , Giovanna Rosone , Ole B. Schulz-Trieglaff

Variation graphs, which represent genetic variation within a population, are replacing sequences as reference genomes. Path indexes are one of the most important tools for working with variation graphs. They generalize text indexes to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-01-13 Jouni Sirén

We study how the application of injective morphisms affects the number $r$ of equal-letter runs in the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT). This parameter has emerged as a key repetitiveness measure in compressed indexing. We focus on the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Gabriele Fici , Giuseppe Romana , Marinella Sciortino , Cristian Urbina

Given a string of characters, the Burrows-Wheeler Transform rearranges the characters in it so as to produce another string of the same length which is more amenable to compression techniques such as move to front, run-length encoding, and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-01-17 Joseph Yossi Gil , David Allen Scott

The Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) is integral to the FM-index, which is used extensively in text compression, indexing, pattern search, and bioinformatic problems as de novo assembly and read alignment. Thus, efficient construction of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Enno Adler , Stefan Böttcher , Rita Hartel , Cederic Alexander Steininger

In recent years, the focus of bioinformatics research has moved from individual sequences to collections of sequences. Given the fundamental role of the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) in string processing, a number of dedicated tools have…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Davide Cenzato , Zsuzsanna Lipták

In recent years several compressed indexes based on variants of the Burrows-Wheeler transformation have been introduced. Some of these index structures far more complex than a single string, as was originally done with the FM-index…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-02-27 Daniel Gibney , Sharma V. Thankachan

Constructing the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) for long strings poses significant challenges regarding construction time and memory usage. We use a prefix of the suffix array to partition a long string into shorter substrings, thereby…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Enno Adler , Stefan Böttcher , Rita Hartel

This paper introduces the de Bruijn graph edge minimization problem, which is related to the compression of de Bruijn graphs: find the order-k de Bruijn graph with minimum edge count among all orders. We describe an efficient algorithm that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-01-20 Uwe Baier , Thomas Büchler , Enno Ohlebusch , Pascal Weber

Indexing highly repetitive strings (i.e., strings with many repetitions) for fast queries has become a central research topic in string processing, because it has a wide variety of applications in bioinformatics and natural language…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Takaaki Nishimoto , Yasuo Tabei