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Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is essential for assessing specific immune biomarkers like Human Epidermal growth-factor Receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer. However, the traditional protocols of obtaining IHC stains are resource-intensive,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-10 Aasim Bin Saleem , Amr Ahmed , Ardhendu Behera , Hafeezullah Amin , Iman Yi Liao , Mahmoud Khattab , Pan Jia Wern , Haslina Makmur

Tumor spatial heterogeneity analysis requires precise correlation between Hematoxylin and Eosin H&E morphology and immunohistochemical (IHC) biomarker expression, yet current methods suffer from spatial misalignment in consecutive sections,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yizhe Yuan , Bingsen Xue , Bangzheng Pu , Chengxiang Wang , Cheng Jin

Virtual immunohistochemistry (IHC) aims to computationally synthesize molecular staining patterns from routine Hematoxylin and Eosin (H\&E) images, offering a cost-effective and tissue-efficient alternative to traditional physical staining.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Rongze Ma , Mengkang Lu , Zhenyu Xiang , Yongsheng Pan , Yicheng Wu , Qingjie Zeng , Yong Xia

Generalization is one of the main challenges of computational pathology. Slide preparation heterogeneity and the diversity of scanners lead to poor model performance when used on data from medical centers not seen during training. In order…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-09 Nicolas Nerrienet , Rémy Peyret , Marie Sockeel , Stéphane Sockeel

Staining is essential in cell imaging and medical diagnostics but poses significant challenges, including high cost, time consumption, labor intensity, and irreversible tissue alterations. Recent advances in deep learning have enabled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Ziwang Xu , Lanqing Guo , Satoshi Tsutsui , Shuyan Zhang , Alex C. Kot , Bihan Wen

The variation in histologic staining between different medical centers is one of the most profound challenges in the field of computer-aided diagnosis. The appearance disparity of pathological whole slide images causes algorithms to become…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-05 Martin J. Hetz , Tabea-Clara Bucher , Titus J. Brinker

Staining is critical to cell imaging and medical diagnosis, which is expensive, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and causes irreversible changes to cell tissues. Recent advances in deep learning enabled digital staining via supervised model…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-06 Ziwang Xu , Lanqing Guo , Shuyan Zhang , Alex C. Kot , Bihan Wen

Image-to-image translation (I2I) methods allow the generation of artificial images that share the content of the original image but have a different style. With the advances in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)-based methods, I2I…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-07 Igor Zingman , Sergio Frayle , Ivan Tankoyeu , Segrey Sukhanov , Fabian Heinemann

The presence and density of specific types of immune cells are important to understand a patient's immune response to cancer. However, immunofluorescence staining required to identify T cell subtypes is expensive, time-consuming, and rarely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Georg Wölflein , In Hwa Um , David J Harrison , Ognjen Arandjelović

Unsupervised and unpaired domain translation using generative adversarial neural networks, and more precisely CycleGAN, is state of the art for the stain translation of histopathology images. It often, however, suffers from the presence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Nicolas Brieu , Felix J. Segerer , Ansh Kapil , Philipp Wortmann , Guenter Schmidt

While hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) is a standard staining procedure, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining further serves as a diagnostic and prognostic method. However, acquiring special staining results requires substantial costs. Hence, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Ming-Yang Ho , Min-Sheng Wu , Che-Ming Wu

Multiplex imaging is revolutionizing pathology by enabling the simultaneous visualization of multiple biomarkers within tissue samples, providing molecular-level insights that traditional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining cannot provide.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-06 Hyun-Jic Oh , Junsik Kim , Zhiyi Shi , Yichen Wu , Yu-An Chen , Peter K Sorger , Hanspeter Pfister , Won-Ki Jeong

The application of supervised deep learning methods in digital pathology is limited due to their sensitivity to domain shift. Digital Pathology is an area prone to high variability due to many sources, including the common practice of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-24 Jelica Vasiljević , Friedrich Feuerhake , Cédric Wemmert , Thomas Lampert

Histopathological visualizations are a pillar of modern medicine and biological research. Surgical oncology relies exclusively on post-operative histology to determine definitive surgical success and guide adjuvant treatments. The current…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-04 Marian Boktor , Benjamin Ecclestone , Vlad Pekar , Deepak Dinakaran , John R. Mackey , Paul Fieguth , Parsin Haji Reza

Virtual histology is an emerging field in biomedicine that enables three-dimensional tissue visualization using X-ray micro-computed tomography. However, the method still lacks the specificity of conventional histology, in which parts of…

We present a self-supervised algorithm for several classification tasks within hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images of breast cancer. Our method is robust to stain variations inherent to the histology images acquisition process, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Alexandre Tiard , Alex Wong , David Joon Ho , Yangchao Wu , Eliram Nof , Alvin C. Goh , Stefano Soatto , Saad Nadeem

We introduce a new AI-ready computational pathology dataset containing restained and co-registered digitized images from eight head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Specifically, the same tumor sections were stained with the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-29 Parmida Ghahremani , Joseph Marino , Juan Hernandez-Prera , Janis V. de la Iglesia , Robbert JC Slebos , Christine H. Chung , Saad Nadeem

Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful tool for untargeted, highly multiplexed molecular mapping of tissue in biomedical research. IMS offers a means of mapping the spatial distributions of molecular species in biological tissue with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yijie Zhang , Luzhe Huang , Nir Pillar , Yuzhu Li , Lukasz G. Migas , Raf Van de Plas , Jeffrey M. Spraggins , Aydogan Ozcan

We propose a novel hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain normalization method based on a modified U-Net neural network architecture. Unlike previous deep-learning methods that were often based on generative adversarial networks (GANs), we take…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-11 Chi-Chen Lee , Po-Tsun Paul Kuo , Chi-Han Peng

Traditional staining normalization approaches, e.g. Macenko, typically rely on the choice of a single representative reference image, which may not adequately account for the diverse staining patterns of datasets collected in practical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-11 Desislav Ivanov , Carlo Alberto Barbano , Marco Grangetto