Related papers: A short survey on observability

We study Hilbert's fourteenth problem from a geometric point of view. Nagata's celebrated counterexample demonstrates that for an arbitrary group action on a variety the ring of invariant functions need not be isomorphic to the ring of…

The notions of quasiconvexity, Wright convexity and convexity for functions defined on a metric Abelian group are introduced. Various characterizations of such functions, the structural properties of the functions classes so obtained are…

Magnitude is an isometric invariant for metric spaces that was introduced by Leinster around 2010, and is currently the object of intense research, since it has been shown to encode many known invariants of metric spaces. In recent work,…

We address some usually overlooked issues concerning the use of $*$-algebras in quantum theory and their physical interpretation. If $\mathfrak{A}$ is a $*$-algebra describing a quantum system and $\omega\colon\mathfrak{A}\to\mathbb{C}$ a…

Given a functor $p:E \rightarrow B$ and an object $e \in E$ , we define a \emph{displacement} of $e$ along a morphism $\varepsilon: p(e) \rightarrow b$, as a map $e \rightarrow \nabla_\varepsilon(e)$ satisfying a universal property analogue…

In the 1960's, Mandelstam proposed a new approach to gauge theories and gravity based on loops. The program for gauge theories was completed for Yang--Mills theories by Gambini and Trias in the 1980's. Gauge theories could be understood as…

Joint measurability of sharp quantum observables is determined pairwise, and so can be captured in a graph. We prove the converse: any graph, whose vertices represent sharp observables, and whose edges represent joint measurability, is…

This paper studies the form and complexity of inference in graphical models using the abstraction offered by algebraic structures. In particular, we broadly formalize inference problems in graphical models by viewing them as a sequence of…

The gravitational path integral suggests a striking result: the Hilbert space of closed universes in each superselection sector, a so-called $\alpha$-sector, is one-dimensional. We develop an abstract formalism encapsulating recent…

The idea that the cohomology of finite groups might be fruitfully approached via the cohomology of ambient semisimple algebraic groups was first shown to be viable in the papers [CPS75] and [CPSvdK77]. The second paper introduced, through a…

Let $G$ be an affine algebraic group over an algrebraically closed field $\mathbb K$ of characteristic 0 and $H$ be a subgroup of $G$. The stabilizer of all the set of all vector-functions of $\mathbb K[G]^H$ with respect to the right…

We study observables on monotone $\sigma$-complete effect algebras. We find conditions when a spectral resolution implies existence of the corresponding observable. The set of sharp elements of a monotone $\sigma$-complete homogeneous…

We study Einstein gravity in a finite spatial region. By requiring a well-defined variational principle, we identify all local boundary conditions, derive surface observables, and compute their algebra. The observables arise as induced…

Separability for groups refers to the question which subsets of a group can be detected in its finite quotients. Classically, separability is studied in terms of which classes have a certain separability property, and this question is…

In order to study certain algebraic objects, and notably algebraic groups, Serre introduced the notion on invariants, in particular cohomological invariants. The construction of non-trivial cohomological invariants of algebraic groups is an…

Recently, graph neural networks have attracted great attention and achieved prominent performance in various research fields. Most of those algorithms have assumed pairwise relationships of objects of interest. However, in many real…

The Pinsker subgroup of an abelian group with respect to an endomorphism was introduced in the context of algebraic entropy. Motivated by the nice properties and characterizations of the Pinsker subgroup, we generalize its construction in…

Positive $C_0$-semigroups that occur in concrete applications are, more often than not, irreducible. Therefore a deep and extensive theory of irreducibility has been developed that includes characterizations, perturbation analysis, and…

In the early 1960's, Moreau and Rockafellar introduced a concept of called \emph{subgradient} for convex functions, initiating the developments of theoretical and applied convex analysis. The needs of going beyond convexity motivated the…

We introduce a concept of approximately invertible elements in non-unital normed algebras which is, on one side, a natural generalization of invertibility when having approximate identities at hand, and, on the other side, it is a direct…