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We study the repeated principal-agent bandit game, where the principal indirectly interacts with the unknown environment by proposing incentives for the agent to play arms. Most existing work assumes the agent has full knowledge of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Junyan Liu , Lillian J. Ratliff

In the post-AlphaGo era, there has been a renewed interest in search techniques such as Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), particularly in their application to Large Language Models (LLMs). This renewed attention is driven by the recognition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Jiacheng Ye , Zhenyu Wu , Jiahui Gao , Zhiyong Wu , Xin Jiang , Zhenguo Li , Lingpeng Kong

We consider extensive games with perfect information with well-founded game trees and study the problems of existence and of characterization of the sets of subgame perfect equilibria in these games. We also provide such characterizations…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Krzysztof R. Apt , Sunil Simon

In game theory, imperfect-recall decision problems model situations in which an agent forgets information it held before. They encompass games such as the ``absentminded driver'' and team games with limited communication. In this paper, we…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Emanuel Tewolde , Brian Hu Zhang , Ioannis Anagnostides , Tuomas Sandholm , Vincent Conitzer

Two fundamental problems in computational game theory are computing a Nash equilibrium and learning to exploit opponents given observations of their play (opponent exploitation). The latter is perhaps even more important than the former:…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-06-29 Sam Ganzfried , Qingyun Sun

Resource allocation games such as the famous Colonel Blotto (CB) and Hide-and-Seek (HS) games are often used to model a large variety of practical problems, but only in their one-shot versions. Indeed, due to their extremely large strategy…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Dong Quan Vu , Patrick Loiseau , Alonso Silva , Long Tran-Thanh

Resource allocation games such as the famous Colonel Blotto (CB) and Hide-and-Seek (HS) games are often used to model a large variety of practical problems, but only in their one-shot versions. Indeed, due to their extremely large strategy…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-12-05 Dong Quan Vu , Patrick Loiseau , Alonso Silva , Long Tran-Thanh

Poker is an imperfect information game that has served as a long-standing benchmark for decision-making under uncertainty. To maximize utility beyond the Nash equilibrium, an agent can deviate from Nash-equilibrium policies to exploit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Vlad Murgoci , Matthijs Spaan , Yaniv Oren

This short paper describes an ongoing research project that requires the automated self-play learning and evaluation of a large number of board games in digital form. We describe the approach we are taking to determine relevant features,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Cameron Browne , Dennis J. N. J. Soemers , Eric Piette

In recent years, state-of-the-art game-playing agents often involve policies that are trained in self-playing processes where Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) algorithms and trained policies iteratively improve each other. The strongest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Dennis J. N. J. Soemers , Éric Piette , Matthew Stephenson , Cameron Browne

We present and study a partial-information model of online learning, where a decision maker repeatedly chooses from a finite set of actions, and observes some subset of the associated losses. This naturally models several situations where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-10-01 Noga Alon , Nicolò Cesa-Bianchi , Claudio Gentile , Shie Mannor , Yishay Mansour , Ohad Shamir

Imperfect recall games represent dynamic interactions where players forget previously known information, such as a history of played actions. The importance of imperfect recall games stems from allowing a concise representation of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-25 Jiri Cermak , Branislav Bosansky , Michal Pechoucek

We investigate optimal decision making under imperfect recall, that is, when an agent forgets information it once held before. An example is the absentminded driver game, as well as team games in which the members have limited communication…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Emanuel Tewolde , Brian Hu Zhang , Caspar Oesterheld , Manolis Zampetakis , Tuomas Sandholm , Paul W. Goldberg , Vincent Conitzer

We study the optimal use of information in Markov games with incomplete information on one side and two states. We provide a finite-stage algorithm for calculating the limit value as the gap between stages goes to 0, and an optimal strategy…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-19 Galit Ashkenazi-Golan , Catherine Rainer , Eilon Solan

We revisit the question of reducing online learning to approximate optimization of the offline problem. In this setting, we give two algorithms with near-optimal performance in the full information setting: they guarantee optimal regret and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Elad Hazan , Wei Hu , Yuanzhi Li , Zhiyuan Li

Regret minimization methods are a powerful tool for learning approximate Nash equilibrium (NE) in two-player zero-sum imperfect information extensive-form games (IIEGs). We consider the problem in the interactive bandit-feedback setting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Linjian Meng , Yang Gao

AlphaZero, an approach to reinforcement learning that couples neural networks and Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS), has produced state-of-the-art strategies for traditional board games like chess, Go, shogi, and Hex. While researchers and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Charles Lovering , Jessica Zosa Forde , George Konidaris , Ellie Pavlick , Michael L. Littman

In this paper, we formulate inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) as an expert-learner interaction whereby the optimal performance intent of an expert or target agent is unknown to a learner agent. The learner observes the states and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Wenqian Xue , Bosen Lian , Jialu Fan , Tianyou Chai , Frank L. Lewis

Policy gradient methods have become a staple of any single-agent reinforcement learning toolbox, due to their combination of desirable properties: iterate convergence, efficient use of stochastic trajectory feedback, and theoretically-sound…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Mingyang Liu , Gabriele Farina , Asuman Ozdaglar

We introduce DREAM, a deep reinforcement learning algorithm that finds optimal strategies in imperfect-information games with multiple agents. Formally, DREAM converges to a Nash Equilibrium in two-player zero-sum games and to an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Eric Steinberger , Adam Lerer , Noam Brown