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A primary source of increased read time on NAND flash comes from the fact that in the presence of noise, the flash medium must be read several times using different read threshold voltages for the decoder to succeed. This paper proposes an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Borja Peleato , Rajiv Agarwal , John Cioffi , Minghai Qin , Paul H. Siegel

This work investigates a new erase scheme in NAND flash memory to improve the lifetime and performance of modern solid-state drives (SSDs). In NAND flash memory, an erase operation applies a high voltage (e.g., > 20 V) to flash cells for a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Sungjun Cho , Beomjun Kim , Hyunuk Cho , Gyeongseob Seo , Onur Mutlu , Myungsuk Kim , Jisung Park

Although read disturbance has emerged as a major reliability concern, managing read disturbance in modern NAND flash memory has not been thoroughly investigated yet. From a device characterization study using real modern NAND flash memory,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Myoungjun Chun , Jaeyong Lee , Inhyuk Choi , Jisung Park , Myungsuk Kim , Jihong Kim

The advancement of large language models has led to models with billions of parameters, significantly increasing memory and compute demands. Serving such models on conventional hardware is challenging due to limited DRAM capacity and high…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yongjoo Jang , Sangwoo Hwang , Hojin Lee , Sangwoo Jung , Donghun Lee , Wonbo Shim , Jaeha Kung

High capacity and scalable memory systems play a vital role in enabling our desktops, smartphones, and pervasive technologies like Internet of Things (IoT). Unfortunately, memory systems are becoming increasingly prone to faults. This is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Prashant J. Nair

Flash-based disk caches, for example Bcache and Flashcache, has gained tremendous popularity in industry in the last decade because of its low energy consumption, non-volatile nature and high I/O speed. But these cache systems have a worse…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Chaos Dong , Fang Wang , Jianshun Zhang

Over the past decades, the relentless scaling and mass production of flash memory have underpinned the data-centric era. Yet charge-trap-based 3D NAND flash is now constrained by intrinsic physical and architectural limits, including…

As SRAM-based caches are hitting a scaling wall, manufacturers are integrating DRAM-based caches into system designs to continue increasing cache sizes. While DRAM caches can improve the performance of memory systems, existing DRAM cache…

In this work, we examine the potential of Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) that have been implemented on NAND Flash memories using programming disturbances to act as sustainable primitives for the purposes of lightweight cryptography.…

Current portable memory device relies heavily on flash memory technology for its implementation. New generation of non-volatile memory is likely to replace floating gates, charge-trapping memory currently still suffering from inadequate…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-03-27 Yifan Hu

The current mobile applications have rapidly growing memory footprints, posing a great challenge for memory system design. Insufficient DRAM main memory will incur frequent data swaps between memory and storage, a process that hurts…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Fei Wen , Mian Qin , Paul Gratz , Narasimha Reddy

To mitigate the impact of noise and interference on multi-level-cell (MLC) flash memory with the use of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, we propose a dynamic write-voltage design scheme considering the asymmetric property of raw bit…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-07 Runbin Cai , Yi Fang , Zhifang Shi , Lin Dai , Guojun Han

Processing In Memory (PIM) accelerators are promising architecture that can provide massive parallelization and high efficiency in various applications. Such architectures can instantaneously provide ultra-fast operation over extensive…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Kazi Abu Zubair , Sumit Kumar Jha , David Mohaisen , Clayton Hughes , Amro Awad

The higher speed, scalability and parallelism offered by ReRAM crossbar arrays foster development of ReRAM-based next generation AI accelerators. At the same time, sensitivity of ReRAM to temperature variations decreases R_on/Roff ratio and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Kamilya Smagulova , Mohammed E. Fouda , Ahmed Eltawil

Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) is the de-facto choice for main memory devices due to its cost-effectiveness. It offers a larger capacity and higher bandwidth compared to SRAM but is slower than the latter. With each passing generation,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Kaustav Goswami , Hemanta Kumar Mondal , Shirshendu Das , Dip Sankar Banerjee

Modern storage systems predominantly use flash-based SSDs as a cache layer due to their favorable performance and cost efficiency. However, in tiny-object workloads, existing flash cache designs still suffer from high write amplification.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Xufeng Yang , Tingting Tan , Jingxin Hu , Congming Gao , Mingyang Liu , Tianyang Jiang , Jian Chen , Linbo Long , Yina Lv , Jiwu Shu

3D-stacked High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) architectures provide high-performance memory interactions to address the well-known performance challenge, namely the memory wall. However, these architectures are susceptible to thermal…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Mehdi Elahi , Mohamed R. Elshamy , Abdel-Hameed A. Badawy , Ahmad Patooghy

Flash memory is a non-volatile computer memory comprised of blocks of cells, wherein each cell is implemented as either NAND or NOR floating gate. NAND flash is currently the most widely used type of flash memory. In a NAND flash memory,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-11-23 Anxiao , Jiang , Robert Mateescu , Eitan Yaakobi , Jehoshua Bruck , Paul H. Siegel , Alexander Vardy , Jack K. Wolf

Non-volatile memory (NVM) is a class of promising scalable memory technologies that can potentially offer higher capacity than DRAM at the same cost point. Unfortunately, the access latency and energy of NVM is often higher than those of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-01 HanBin Yoon , Justin Meza , Rachata Ausavarungnirun , Rachael A. Harding , Onur Mutlu

Today, flash memory are strongly used in the embedded system domain. NAND flash memories are the building block of main secondary storage systems. Such memories present many benefits in terms of data density, I/O performance, shock…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2012-09-03 Pierre Olivier , Jalil Boukhobza , Eric Senn