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The race to heuristically solve non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP) problems through efficient methods is ongoing. Recently, optics was demonstrated as a promising tool to find the ground state of a spin-glass Ising Hamiltonian, which…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-03-14 Gianni Jacucci , Louis Delloye , Davide Pierangeli , Mushegh Rafayelyan , Claudio Conti , Sylvain Gigan

Recently several gain-dissipative platforms based on the networks of optical parametric oscillators, lasers, and various non-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensates have been proposed and realised as analogue Hamiltonian simulators for…

Classical Physics · Physics 2018-11-16 Kirill P. Kalinin , Natalia G. Berloff

A promising approach to achieve computational supremacy over the classical von Neumann architecture explores classical and quantum hardware as Ising machines. The minimisation of the Ising Hamiltonian is known to be NP-hard problem for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-04 Kirill P. Kalinin , Natalia G. Berloff

Non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP) problems are ubiquitous in almost every field of study. Recently, all-optical approaches have been explored for solving classic NP problems based on the spin-glass Ising Hamiltonian. However, obtaining…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-12-15 Louis Delloye , Gianni Jacucci , Raj Pandya , Davide Pierangeli , Claudio Conti , Sylvain Gigan

The Ising machine is an unconventional computing architecture that can be used to solve NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems more efficiently than traditional von Neumann architectures. Fast, compact oscillator networks which provide…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-10-20 Brooke C. McGoldrick , Jonathan Z. Sun , Luqiao Liu

A degenerate optical parametric oscillator network is proposed to solve the NP-hard problem of finding a ground state of the Ising model. The underlying operating mechanism originates from the bistable output phase of each oscillator and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Zhe Wang , Alireza Marandi , Kai Wen , Robert L. Byer , Yoshihisa Yamamoto

Gain-dissipative systems of various physical origin have recently shown the ability to act as analogue minimisers of hard combinatorial optimisation problems. Whether or not these proposals will lead to any advantage in performance over the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-03-23 Kirill P. Kalinin , Alberto Amo , Jacqueline Bloch , Natalia G. Berloff

Ising machines are hardware solvers which aim to find the absolute or approximate ground states of the Ising model. The Ising model is of fundamental computational interest because it is possible to formulate any problem in the complexity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-04 Naeimeh Mohseni , Peter L. McMahon , Tim Byrnes

Finding the ground states of the Ising Hamiltonian [1] maps to various combinatorial optimization problems in biology, medicine, wireless communications, artificial intelligence, and social network. So far no efficient classical and quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-30 Alireza Marandi , Zhe Wang , Kenta Takata , Robert L. Byer , Yoshihisa Yamamoto

The spatial photonic Ising machine (SPIM) [D. Pierangeli et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 213902 (2019)] is a promising optical architecture utilizing spatial light modulation for solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-08-09 Hiroshi Yamashita , Ken-ichi Okubo , Suguru Shimomura , Yusuke Ogura , Jun Tanida , Hideyuki Suzuki

Computing the ground state of Ising spin-glass models with p-spin interactions is, in general, an NP-hard problem. In this work we show that unlike in the case of the standard Ising spin glass with two-spin interactions, computing ground…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-03-17 Creighton K. Thomas , Helmut G. Katzgraber

We explore a case example of networks of classical electronic oscillators evolving towards the solution of complex optimization problems. We show that when driven into subharmonic response, a network of such nonlinear electrical resonators…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2022-04-04 L. Q. English , A. V. Zampetaki , K. P. Kalinin , N. G. Berloff , P. G. Kevrekidis

Photonic and polaritonic lattices have been recently theoretically proposed and experimentally realised as many-body simulators due to the rich behaviors exhibited by such systems at the macroscale. We show that the networks of polariton…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-01-01 Kirill P. Kalinin , Natalia G. Berloff

We introduce a methodology for generating benchmark problem sets for Ising machines---devices designed to solve discrete optimization problems cast as Ising models. In our approach, linear systems of equations are cast as Ising cost…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-02 Itay Hen

Efficiently optimizing Nondeterministic Polynomial time (NP) problems in polynomial time has profound implications in many domains. CMOS oscillator networks have been shown to be effective and efficient in approximating certain NP-hard…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Wenxiao Cai , Zongru Li , Yu-Neng Wang , Sara Achour , Thomas H. Lee

Combinatorial optimization problems are ubiquitous in industrial applications. However, finding optimal or close-to-optimal solutions can often be extremely hard. Because some of these problems can be mapped to the ground-state search of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-04 Junpeng Hou , Amin Barzegar , Helmut G. Katzgraber

Combinatorial optimization problems are pervasive across science and industry. Modern deep learning tools are poised to solve these problems at unprecedented scales, but a unifying framework that incorporates insights from statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Martin J. A. Schuetz , J. Kyle Brubaker , Helmut G. Katzgraber

Ising Machines are emerging hardware architectures that efficiently solve NP-Hard combinatorial optimization problems. Generally, combinatorial problems are transformed into quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) form, but this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Chirag Garg , Sayeef Salahuddin

Many tasks in our modern life, such as planning an efficient travel, image processing and optimizing integrated circuit design, are modeled as complex combinatorial optimization problems with binary variables. Such problems can be mapped to…

Many combinatorial optimization problems can be mapped to finding the ground states of the corresponding Ising Hamiltonians. The physical systems that can solve optimization problems in this way, namely Ising machines, have been attracting…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-10-16 Tianshi Wang , Jaijeet Roychowdhury
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