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It is a widely accepted principle that software without tests has bugs. Testing reinforcement learning agents is especially difficult because of the stochastic nature of both agents and environments, the complexity of state-of-the-art…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-28 John Foley , Emma Tosch , Kaleigh Clary , David Jensen

Progress in Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms goes hand-in-hand with the development of challenging environments that test the limits of current methods. While existing RL environments are either sufficiently complex or based on fast…

The emergence of complex life on Earth is often attributed to the arms race that ensued from a huge number of organisms all competing for finite resources. We present an artificial intelligence research environment, inspired by the human…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Joseph Suarez , Yilun Du , Phillip Isola , Igor Mordatch

Current embodied reasoning agents struggle to plan for long-horizon tasks that require to physically interact with the world to obtain the necessary information (e.g. 'sort the objects from lightest to heaviest'). The improvement of the…

We show that reinforcement learning agents that learn by surprise (surprisal) get stuck at abrupt environmental transition boundaries because these transitions are difficult to learn. We propose a counter-intuitive solution that we call…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Haitao Xu , Brendan McCane , Lech Szymanski , Craig Atkinson

LLM-based agents have shown promise in various cooperative and strategic reasoning tasks, but their effectiveness in competitive multi-agent environments remains underexplored. To address this gap, we introduce PillagerBench, a novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Olivier Schipper , Yudi Zhang , Yali Du , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Meng Fang

Evaluation of deep reinforcement learning (RL) is inherently challenging. In particular, learned policies are largely opaque, and hypotheses about the behavior of deep RL agents are difficult to test in black-box environments. Considerable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Emma Tosch , Kaleigh Clary , John Foley , David Jensen

To achieve social interactions within Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) environments is a very challenging task. Most of the current research focuses on Wizard-of-Oz approaches, which neglect the recent development of intelligent robots. On the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-13 Pablo Barros , Anne C. Bloem , Inge M. Hootsmans , Lena M. Opheij , Romain H. A. Toebosch , Emilia Barakova , Alessandra Sciutti

We present SMPLOlympics, a collection of physically simulated environments that allow humanoids to compete in a variety of Olympic sports. Sports simulation offers a rich and standardized testing ground for evaluating and improving the…

We propose a new benchmark environment for evaluating Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms: the PlayStation Learning Environment (PSXLE), a PlayStation emulator modified to expose a simple control API that enables rich game-state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Carlos Purves , Cătălina Cangea , Petar Veličković

The intuitive collaboration of humans and intelligent robots (embodied AI) in the real-world is an essential objective for many desirable applications of robotics. Whilst there is much research regarding explicit communication, we focus on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Ali Shafti , Jonas Tjomsland , William Dudley , A. Aldo Faisal

Mastering a video game requires skill, tactics and strategy. While these attributes may be acquired naturally by human players, teaching them to a computer program is a far more challenging task. In recent years, extensive research was…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-08 Nadav Bhonker , Shai Rozenberg , Itay Hubara

Gaming environments are popular testbeds for studying human interactions and behaviors in complex artificial intelligence systems. Particularly, in multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) games, individuals collaborate in virtual…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Angelo Josey Caldeira , Sajan Maharjan , Srijoni Majumdar , Evangelos Pournaras

Recently, collaborative robots have begun to train humans to achieve complex tasks, and the mutual information exchange between them can lead to successful robot-human collaborations. In this paper we demonstrate the application and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Sayanti Roy , Emily Kieson , Charles Abramson , Christopher Crick

We propose a toolkit for creating Tangible Out-of-Body Experiences: exposing the inner states of users using physiological signals such as heart rate or brain activity. Tobe can take the form of a tangible avatar displaying live…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-08-06 Renaud Gervais , Jérémy Frey , Alexis Gay , Fabien Lotte , Martin Hachet

Recent advancements in AI have accelerated the evolution of versatile robot designs. Chess provides a standardized environment for evaluating the impact of robot behavior on human behavior. This article presents an open-source chess robot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Renchi Zhang , Joost de Winter , Dimitra Dodou , Harleigh Seyffert , Yke Bauke Eisma

We introduce MLE-Dojo, a Gym-style framework for systematically reinforcement learning, evaluating, and improving autonomous large language model (LLM) agents in iterative machine learning engineering (MLE) workflows. Unlike existing…

Recent advances in reinforcement learning with social agents have allowed us to achieve human-level performance on some interaction tasks. However, most interactive scenarios do not have as end-goal performance alone; instead, the social…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Pablo Barros , Ana Tanevska , Ozge Yalcin , Alessandra Sciutti

Recent research on vulnerabilities of deep reinforcement learning (RL) has shown that adversarial policies adopted by an adversary agent can influence a target RL agent (victim agent) to perform poorly in a multi-agent environment. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 The Viet Bui , Tien Mai , Thanh H. Nguyen

Competitive Self-Play (CSP) based Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) has shown phenomenal breakthroughs recently. Strong AIs are achieved for several benchmarks, including Dota 2, Glory of Kings, Quake III, StarCraft II, to name a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Peng Sun , Jiechao Xiong , Lei Han , Xinghai Sun , Shuxing Li , Jiawei Xu , Meng Fang , Zhengyou Zhang
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