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We study the problem of estimating an unknown function from noisy data using shallow ReLU neural networks. The estimators we study minimize the sum of squared data-fitting errors plus a regularization term proportional to the squared…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-24 Rahul Parhi , Robert D. Nowak

We present a new approach for input optimization of ReLU networks that explicitly takes into account the effect of changes in activation patterns. We analyze local optimization steps in both the input space and the space of activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Hongzhan Yu , Sicun Gao

The training of neural networks by gradient descent methods is a cornerstone of the deep learning revolution. Yet, despite some recent progress, a complete theory explaining its success is still missing. This article presents, for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-15 Etienne Boursier , Loucas Pillaud-Vivien , Nicolas Flammarion

Overparametrized neural networks trained by gradient descent (GD) can provably overfit any training data. However, the generalization guarantee may not hold for noisy data. From a nonparametric perspective, this paper studies how well…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-28 Tianyang Hu , Wenjia Wang , Cong Lin , Guang Cheng

We study the sample complexity of learning one-hidden-layer convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with non-overlapping filters. We propose a novel algorithm called approximate gradient descent for training CNNs, and show that, with high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Yuan Cao , Quanquan Gu

We consider the problem of finding a two-layer neural network with sigmoid, rectified linear unit (ReLU), or binary step activation functions that "fits" a training data set as accurately as possible as quantified by the training error; and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-06 David Gamarnik , Eren C. Kızıldağ , Ilias Zadik

Element-wise activation functions play a critical role in deep neural networks via affecting the expressivity power and the learning dynamics. Learning-based activation functions have recently gained increasing attention and success. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Dengsheng Chen , Jun Li , Kai Xu

We study the overparametrization bounds required for the global convergence of stochastic gradient descent algorithm for a class of one hidden layer feed-forward neural networks, considering most of the activation functions used in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Bartłomiej Polaczyk , Jacek Cyranka

We consider the problem of learning an arbitrarily-biased ReLU activation (or neuron) over Gaussian marginals with the squared loss objective. Despite the ReLU neuron being the basic building block of modern neural networks, we still do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Anxin Guo , Aravindan Vijayaraghavan

The analysis of neural network training beyond their linearization regime remains an outstanding open question, even in the simplest setup of a single hidden-layer. The limit of infinitely wide networks provides an appealing route forward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Jaume de Dios , Joan Bruna

Deep learning empirically achieves high performance in many applications, but its training dynamics has not been fully understood theoretically. In this paper, we explore theoretical analysis on training two-layer ReLU neural networks in a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-30 Shunta Akiyama , Taiji Suzuki

The ability of neural networks to provide `best in class' approximation across a wide range of applications is well-documented. Nevertheless, the powerful expressivity of neural networks comes to naught if one is unable to effectively train…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Mark Ainsworth , Yeonjong Shin

The successful training of neural networks hinges on the use of first order optimization methods, yet the theoretical characterization of these methods remains incomplete. This is especially true in settings with mild overparameterization.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 James Town , Etienne Boursier , Ben Lewis , Matthias Englert , Ranko Lazic

Gradient descent (GD) type optimization methods are the standard instrument to train artificial neural networks (ANNs) with rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation. Despite the great success of GD type optimization methods in numerical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-29 Arnulf Jentzen , Adrian Riekert

An interesting approach to analyzing neural networks that has received renewed attention is to examine the equivalent kernel of the neural network. This is based on the fact that a fully connected feedforward network with one hidden layer,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-04 Russell Tsuchida , Farbod Roosta-Khorasani , Marcus Gallagher

This paper introduces the first globally optimal algorithm for the empirical risk minimization problem of two-layer maxout and ReLU networks, i.e., minimizing the number of misclassifications. The algorithm has a worst-case time complexity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xi He , Yi Miao , Max A. Little

Appropriate weight initialization settings, along with the ReLU activation function, have become cornerstones of modern deep learning, enabling the training and deployment of highly effective and efficient neural network models across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Hyunwoo Lee , Yunho Kim , Seung Yeop Yang , Hayoung Choi

The training process of neural networks usually optimize weights and bias parameters of linear transformations, while nonlinear activation functions are pre-specified and fixed. This work develops a systematic approach to constructing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Zhengqi Liu , Shuhao Cao , Yuwen Li , Ludmil Zikatanov

The parameter space for any fixed architecture of feedforward ReLU neural networks serves as a proxy during training for the associated class of functions - but how faithful is this representation? It is known that many different parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 J. Elisenda Grigsby , Kathryn Lindsey , David Rolnick

Recent studies have shown that the choice of activation function can significantly affect the performance of deep learning networks. However, the benefits of novel activation functions have been inconsistent and task dependent, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Garrett Bingham , Risto Miikkulainen