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We study dropout in two-layer neural networks with rectified linear unit (ReLU) activations. Under mild overparametrization and assuming that the limiting kernel can separate the data distribution with a positive margin, we show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Poorya Mianjy , Raman Arora

We consider the optimization problem associated with training two-layer ReLU networks with \(d\) inputs under the squared loss, where the labels are generated by a target network. Recent work has identified two distinct classes of infinite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yossi Arjevani

Recent results in nonparametric regression show that deep learning, i.e., neural network estimates with many hidden layers, are able to circumvent the so-called curse of dimensionality in case that suitable restrictions on the structure of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-30 Michael Kohler , Sophie Langer

Understanding the computational complexity of training simple neural networks with rectified linear units (ReLUs) has recently been a subject of intensive research. Closing gaps and complementing results from the literature, we present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Vincent Froese , Christoph Hertrich , Rolf Niedermeier

The practice of deep learning has shown that neural networks generalize remarkably well even with an extreme number of learned parameters. This appears to contradict traditional statistical wisdom, in which a trade-off between model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Yifei Wang , Yixuan Hua , Emmanuel Candés , Mert Pilanci

We study regularized deep neural networks (DNNs) and introduce a convex analytic framework to characterize the structure of the hidden layers. We show that a set of optimal hidden layer weights for a norm regularized DNN training problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Tolga Ergen , Mert Pilanci

Reverse engineering deep ReLU networks is a critical problem in understanding the complex behavior and interpretability of neural networks. In this research, we present a novel method for reconstructing deep ReLU networks by leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Mehrab Hamidi

A neural network with one hidden layer or a two-layer network (regardless of the input layer) is the simplest feedforward neural network, whose mechanism may be the basis of more general network architectures. However, even to this type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Changcun Huang

Deploying deep learning models, comprising of non-linear combination of millions, even billions, of parameters is challenging given the memory, power and compute constraints of the real world. This situation has led to research into model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Muhammad A. Shah , Raphael Olivier , Bhiksha Raj

Rectified linear units, or ReLUs, have become the preferred activation function for artificial neural networks. In this paper we consider two basic learning problems assuming that the underlying data follow a generative model based on a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-13 Arya Mazumdar , Ankit Singh Rawat

We present a novel neural network algorithm, the Tensor Switching (TS) network, which generalizes the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) nonlinearity to tensor-valued hidden units. The TS network copies its entire input vector to different…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-11-01 Chuan-Yung Tsai , Andrew Saxe , David Cox

We introduce a new neural network model, together with a tractable and monotone online learning algorithm. Our model describes feed-forward networks for classification, with one output node for each class. The only nonlinear operation is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Veit Elser , Dan Schmidt , Jonathan Yedidia

We study the loss landscape of both shallow and deep, mildly overparameterized ReLU neural networks on a generic finite input dataset for the squared error loss. We show both by count and volume that most activation patterns correspond to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Kedar Karhadkar , Michael Murray , Hanna Tseran , Guido Montúfar

We present a greedy-based approach to construct an efficient single hidden layer neural network with the ReLU activation that approximates a target function. In our approach we obtain a shallow network by utilizing a greedy algorithm with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Anton Dereventsov , Armenak Petrosyan , Clayton Webster

It has been widely assumed that a neural network cannot be recovered from its outputs, as the network depends on its parameters in a highly nonlinear way. Here, we prove that in fact it is often possible to identify the architecture,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 David Rolnick , Konrad P. Kording

Empirical works show that for ReLU neural networks (NNs) with small initialization, input weights of hidden neurons (the input weight of a hidden neuron consists of the weight from its input layer to the hidden neuron and its bias term)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Hanxu Zhou , Qixuan Zhou , Tao Luo , Yaoyu Zhang , Zhi-Qin John Xu

In this paper, it is demonstrated through a case study that multilayer feedforward neural networks activated by ReLU functions can in principle be trained iteratively with Mixed Integer Linear Programs (MILPs) as follows. Weights are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Steffen Goebbels

In this paper, we consider regression problems with one-hidden-layer neural networks (1NNs). We distill some properties of activation functions that lead to $\mathit{local~strong~convexity}$ in the neighborhood of the ground-truth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Kai Zhong , Zhao Song , Prateek Jain , Peter L. Bartlett , Inderjit S. Dhillon

We study the problem of PAC learning one-hidden-layer ReLU networks with $k$ hidden units on $\mathbb{R}^d$ under Gaussian marginals in the presence of additive label noise. For the case of positive coefficients, we give the first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Ilias Diakonikolas , Daniel M. Kane , Vasilis Kontonis , Nikos Zarifis

In this article we investigate blow up phenomena for gradient descent optimization methods in the training of artificial neural networks (ANNs). Our theoretical analysis is focused on shallow ANNs with one neuron on the input layer, one…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-29 Davide Gallon , Arnulf Jentzen , Felix Lindner