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Dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) is a rich source of biomarkers (e.g., glucose) that can be used for continuous health monitoring with wearable sensors. Hollow microneedle devices are a promising solution to extract ISF on demand by…
The FAMU experiment at RAL has been designed to study the hyperfine splitting (HFS) of muonic hydrogen and thus measure the Zemach radius of the proton, with a precision better than 1 %. The HFS transition is excited by a tunable MIR laser…
Tumorigenesis is an evolutionary process which involves a significant number of genomic rearrangements typically coupled with changes in the gene copy number profiles of numerous cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a…
Directly predicting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status from widely available hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained whole slide images (WSIs) can reduce technical costs and expedite treatment selection. Accurately predicting…
The primary function of intestinal microvilli is to increase the surface area of the intestinal lining to maximize nutrient absorption. This is especially important as fish, like other animals, need to efficiently absorb proteins,…
The spatio-temporal organization of proteins within the cell membrane can affect numerous biological functions, including cell signaling, communication, and transportation. Deviations from normal spatial arrangements have been observed in…
We measured images and Fourier images of fluorescence for 0.11- and 0.22-$\mu$m-diameter dye-doped polystyrene micro-sphere beads on a solid immersion lens, and experimentally verified strongly-angle-dependent fluorescence intensities due…
Automatic detection of abnormal cervical cells from Thinprep Cytologic Test (TCT) images is a critical component in the development of intelligent computer-aided diagnostic systems. However, existing algorithms typically fail to effectively…
Multimode fibers (MMFs) are attractive ultra-thin replacements for state-of-the-art endoscopes, but the phase randomization in propagation through MMFs poses a major hurdle for imaging and focusing of light. Recently, this challenge has…
In the immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis during surgery, frozen-section (FS) images are used to determine the benignity or malignancy of the tumor. However, FS image faces problems such as image contamination and poor nuclear detail, which…
We introduce a scalable witness-based persistent homology pipeline for full-brain MRI volumes that couples density-aware landmark selection with a GPU-ready witness filtration. Candidates are scored by a hybrid metric that balances…
Fluorescence microscopy is essential to study biological structures and dynamics. However, existing systems suffer from a tradeoff between field-of-view (FOV), resolution, and complexity, and thus cannot fulfill the emerging need of…
We present a rapid, large-field bimodal imaging platform that integrates conventional brightfield microscopy with a lensless IR imaging scanner, enabling whole-slide IR image stack acquisition in minutes. Using a dedicated deep learning…
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a critical protein in cancer cell growth that signifies the aggressiveness of breast cancer (BC) and helps predict its prognosis. Accurate assessment of immunohistochemically (IHC) stained…
The immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) biomarker is widely practiced in breast tissue analysis, preclinical studies and diagnostic decisions, guiding cancer treatment and investigation…
Multimode fibres are becoming increasingly attractive in optical endoscopy as they promise to enable unparalleled miniaturisation, spatial resolution and cost as compared to conventional fibre bundle-based counterpart. However, achieving…
This thesis centres on the development of multidimensional fluorescence imaging tools, with a particular emphasis on fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy for application to biological research. The key aspects of this thesis are…
Endoscopic optical imaging using a single multimode fiber (MMF) has emerged as a promising approach for highly compact, minimally invasive, and high-resolution imaging. Unlike conventional fiber bundles, MMF-based endomicroscopes exploit…
Frozen sectioning (FS) is the preparation method of choice for microscopic evaluation of tissues during surgical operations. The high speed of the procedure allows pathologists to rapidly assess the key microscopic features, such as tumour…
Advances in techniques for monitoring pH in complex fluids could have significant impact on analytical and biomedical applications ranging from water quality assessment to in vivo diagnostics. We developed flexible graphene microelectrodes…