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Adversarial attacks can generate adversarial inputs by applying small but intentionally worst-case perturbations to samples from the dataset, which leads to even state-of-the-art deep neural networks outputting incorrect answers with high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Shorya Sharma

As AI-enabled cyber capabilities become more advanced, we propose "differential access" as a strategy to tilt the cybersecurity balance toward defense by shaping access to these capabilities. We introduce three possible approaches that form…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Shaun Ee , Chris Covino , Cara Labrador , Christina Krawec , Jam Kraprayoon , Joe O'Brien

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has made great achievements since proposed. Generally, DRL agents receive high-dimensional inputs at each step, and make actions according to deep-neural-network-based policies. This learning mechanism…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Kun Shao , Zhentao Tang , Yuanheng Zhu , Nannan Li , Dongbin Zhao

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has effectively enhanced gameplay experiences and game design across various game genres. However, few studies on fighting game agents have focused explicitly on enhancing player enjoyment, a critical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Shouren Wang , Zehua Jiang , Fernando Sliva , Sam Earle , Julian Togelius

This paper presents a novel approach to automated playtesting for the prediction of human player behavior and experience. It has previously been demonstrated that Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) game-playing agents can predict both game…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Shaghayegh Roohi , Christian Guckelsberger , Asko Relas , Henri Heiskanen , Jari Takatalo , Perttu Hämäläinen

Shielding has emerged as a promising approach for ensuring safety of AI-controlled autonomous systems. The algorithmic goal is to compute a shield, which is a runtime safety enforcement tool that needs to monitor and intervene the AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Davide Corsi , Kaushik Mallik , Andoni Rodriguez , Cesar Sanchez

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in Computer Vision (CV) are well-known to be vulnerable to Adversarial Examples (AEs), namely imperceptible perturbations added maliciously to cause wrong classification results. Such variability has been a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Yi Zeng , Han Qiu , Gerard Memmi , Meikang Qiu

Redispatch markets are widely used by system operators to manage network congestion. A well-known drawback, however, is that Flexibility Service Providers (FSPs) may strategically adjust their baselines in anticipation of redispatch…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-09 Bart van der Holst , Thomas Swarts , Phuong Nguyen , Johan Morren , Koen Kok

The growing integration of AI into cybersecurity is reshaping the balance between attackers and defenders. When access to advanced AI-enabled defence tools is uneven, resource-limited defenders may be unable to adopt effective protection,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Adeela Bashir , Zia Ush Shamszaman , Zhao Song , Matjaz Perc , The Anh Han

The increasing prevalence of security attacks on software-intensive systems calls for new, effective methods for detecting and responding to these attacks. As one promising approach, game theory provides analytical tools for modeling the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Mingyue Zhang , Nianyu Li , Sridhar Adepu , Eunsuk Kang , Zhi Jin

As the population continues to age, and gaming continues to grow as a hobby for older people, heterogeneity among older adult gamers is increasing. We argue that traditional game-based accessibility features, such as simplified input…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Brandon Lyman , Yichi Zhang , Celia Pearce , Miso Kim , Casper Harteveld , Leanne Chukoskie , Bob De Schutter

Text-based games are a natural challenge domain for deep reinforcement learning algorithms. Their state and action spaces are combinatorially large, their reward function is sparse, and they are partially observable: the agent is informed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Vishal Jain , William Fedus , Hugo Larochelle , Doina Precup , Marc G. Bellemare

We propose interdependent defense (IDD) games, a computational game-theoretic framework to study aspects of the interdependence of risk and security in multi-agent systems under deliberate external attacks. Our model builds upon…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-10-19 Hau Chan , Michael Ceyko , Luis E. Ortiz

Despite considerable efforts on making them robust, real-world AI-based systems remain vulnerable to decision based attacks, as definitive proofs of their operational robustness have so far proven intractable. Canonical robustness…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Ilias Tsingenopoulos , Vera Rimmer , Davy Preuveneers , Fabio Pierazzi , Lorenzo Cavallaro , Wouter Joosen

As modern games continue growing both in size and complexity, it has become more challenging to ensure that all the relevant content is tested and that any potential issue is properly identified and fixed. Attempting to maximize testing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Camilo Gordillo , Joakim Bergdahl , Konrad Tollmar , Linus Gisslén

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples. Adversarial training (AT) is an effective defense against adversarial examples. However, AT is prone to overfitting which degrades robustness substantially. Recently, data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Lin Li , Jianing Qiu , Michael Spratling

The rapid increase in the number of cyber-attacks in recent years raises the need for principled methods for defending networks against malicious actors. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a promising approach for mitigating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Gregory Palmer , Chris Parry , Daniel J. B. Harrold , Chris Willis

The increasing complexity of gameplay mechanisms in modern video games is leading to the emergence of a wider range of ways to play games. The variety of possible play-styles needs to be anticipated by designers, through automated tests.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Pierre Le Pelletier de Woillemont , Rémi Labory , Vincent Corruble

Dynamic complexity is concerned with updating the output of a problem when the input is slightly changed. We study the dynamic complexity of two-player parity games over graphs of bounded tree-width, where updates may add or delete edges,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-10-04 Patricia Bouyer , Vincent Jugé , Nicolas Markey

Score-based query attacks pose a serious threat to deep learning models by crafting adversarial examples (AEs) using only black-box access to model output scores, iteratively optimizing inputs based on observed loss values. While recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yanzhang Fu , Zizheng Guo , Jizhou Luo