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Reinforcement learning agents learn by encouraging behaviours which maximize their total reward, usually provided by the environment. In many environments, however, the reward is provided after a series of actions rather than each single…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Mohammad Reza Bonyadi , Rui Wang , Maryam Ziaei

Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables an intelligent agent to optimise its performance in a task by continuously taking action from an observed state and receiving a feedback from the environment in form of rewards. RL typically uses tables…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Alberto Castagna

Recent work has described neural-network-based agents that are trained with reinforcement learning (RL) to execute language-like commands in simulated worlds, as a step towards an intelligent agent or robot that can be instructed by human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Felix Hill , Sona Mokra , Nathaniel Wong , Tim Harley

Reinforcement learning is concerned with identifying reward-maximizing behaviour policies in environments that are initially unknown. State-of-the-art reinforcement learning approaches, such as deep Q-networks, are model-free and learn to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-18 Felix Leibfried , Nate Kushman , Katja Hofmann

Reinforcement learning is a powerful approach for training an optimal policy to solve complex problems in a given system. This project aims to demonstrate the application of reinforcement learning in stochastic process environments with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Kuangheng He

Recent times have witnessed sharp improvements in reinforcement learning tasks using deep reinforcement learning techniques like Deep Q Networks, Policy Gradients, Actor Critic methods which are based on deep learning based models and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Uddeshya Upadhyay , Nikunj Shah , Sucheta Ravikanti , Mayanka Medhe

AlphaZero-style reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have achieved superhuman performance in many complex board games such as Chess, Shogi, and Go. However, we showcase that these algorithms encounter significant and fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Bei Zhou , Søren Riis

Learning optimal policies from sparse feedback is a known challenge in reinforcement learning. Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) is a multi-goal reinforcement learning algorithm that comes to solve such tasks. The algorithm treats every…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Binyamin Manela

Poker is a family of card games that includes many variations. We hypothesize that most poker games can be solved as a pattern matching problem, and propose creating a strong poker playing system based on a unified poker representation. Our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-09-23 Nikolai Yakovenko , Liangliang Cao , Colin Raffel , James Fan

Reinforcement learning is a learning paradigm for solving sequential decision-making problems. Recent years have witnessed remarkable progress in reinforcement learning upon the fast development of deep neural networks. Along with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Zhuangdi Zhu , Kaixiang Lin , Anil K. Jain , Jiayu Zhou

In recent years, a wide range of investment models have been created using artificial intelligence. Automatic trading by artificial intelligence can expand the range of trading methods, such as by conferring the ability to operate 24 hours…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-12-17 Koya Ishikawa , Kazuhide Nakata

We propose a method to efficiently learn diverse strategies in reinforcement learning for query reformulation in the tasks of document retrieval and question answering. In the proposed framework an agent consists of multiple specialized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Rodrigo Nogueira , Jannis Bulian , Massimiliano Ciaramita

Do neural networks build their representations through smooth, gradual refinement, or via more complex computational processes? We investigate this by extending the logit lens to analyze the policy network of Leela Chess Zero, a superhuman…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Elias Sandmann , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Wojciech Samek

In games like chess, strategy evolves dramatically across distinct phases - the opening, middlegame, and endgame each demand different forms of reasoning and decision-making. Yet, many modern chess engines rely on a single neural network to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Felix Helfenstein , Johannes Czech , Jannis Blüml , Max Eisel , Kristian Kersting

Given a user's complex information need, a multi-agent Deep Research system iteratively plans, retrieves, and synthesizes evidence across hundreds of documents to produce a high-quality answer. In one possible architecture, an orchestrator…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Arthur Câmara , Vincent Slot , Jakub Zavrel

In this work, an advanced deep reinforcement learning architecture is used to train neural network agents playing atari games. Given only the raw game pixels, action space, and reward information, the system can train agents to play any…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Md Ashfaq Salehin

We propose Ephemeral Value Adjusments (EVA): a means of allowing deep reinforcement learning agents to rapidly adapt to experience in their replay buffer. EVA shifts the value predicted by a neural network with an estimate of the value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-19 Steven Hansen , Pablo Sprechmann , Alexander Pritzel , André Barreto , Charles Blundell

This paper focuses on reinforcement learning (RL) with limited prior knowledge. In the domain of swarm robotics for instance, the expert can hardly design a reward function or demonstrate the target behavior, forbidding the use of both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-08-07 Riad Akrour , Marc Schoenauer , Michèle Sebag

A core novelty of Alpha Zero is the interleaving of tree search and deep learning, which has proven very successful in board games like Chess, Shogi and Go. These games have a discrete action space. However, many real-world reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-25 Thomas M. Moerland , Joost Broekens , Aske Plaat , Catholijn M. Jonker

Assisted by neural networks, reinforcement learning agents have been able to solve increasingly complex tasks over the last years. The simulation environment in which the agents interact is an essential component in any reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-03 Aqeel Labash , Ardi Tampuu , Tambet Matiisen , Jaan Aru , Raul Vicente