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Batch Normalization (BN) has become a cornerstone of deep learning across diverse architectures, appearing to help optimization as well as generalization. While the idea makes intuitive sense, theoretical analysis of its effectiveness has…

Conditional GANs are widely used in translating an image from one category to another. Meaningful conditions to GANs provide greater flexibility and control over the nature of the target domain synthetic data. Existing conditional GANs…

Deep neural networks (DNN) have shown unprecedented success in various computer vision applications such as image classification and object detection. However, it is still a common annoyance during the training phase, that one has to…

Batch Normalization (BN) and its variants have delivered tremendous success in combating the covariate shift induced by the training step of deep learning methods. While these techniques normalize feature distributions by standardizing with…

Batch normalization has become ubiquitous in many state-of-the-art nets. It accelerates training and yields good performance results. However, there are various other alternatives to normalization, e.g. orthonormalization. The objective of…

Batch normalization (BatchNorm) is a popular layer normalization technique used when training deep neural networks. It has been shown to enhance the training speed and accuracy of deep learning models. However, the mechanics by which…

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have been widely applied in different scenarios thanks to the development of deep neural networks. The original GAN was proposed based on the non-parametric assumption of the infinite capacity of…

Training Deep Neural Networks is complicated by the fact that the distribution of each layer's inputs changes during training, as the parameters of the previous layers change. This slows down the training by requiring lower learning rates…

Humans have perfected the art of learning from multiple modalities through sensory organs. Despite their impressive predictive performance on a single modality, neural networks cannot reach human level accuracy with respect to multiple…

This study introduces a new normalization layer termed Batch Layer Normalization (BLN) to reduce the problem of internal covariate shift in deep neural network layers. As a combined version of batch and layer normalization, BLN adaptively…

Batch normalization (BN) uniformly shifts and scales the activations based on the statistics of a batch of images. However, the intensity distribution of the background pixels often dominates the BN statistics because the background…

One of the challenges in the study of generative adversarial networks is the instability of its training. In this paper, we propose a novel weight normalization technique called spectral normalization to stabilize the training of the…

Batch Normalization (BatchNorm) is a widely adopted technique that enables faster and more stable training of deep neural networks (DNNs). Despite its pervasiveness, the exact reasons for BatchNorm's effectiveness are still poorly…

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) significantly advanced image generation but their performance heavily depends on abundant training data. In scenarios with limited data, GANs often struggle with discriminator overfitting and unstable…

While the authors of Batch Normalization (BN) identify and address an important problem involved in training deep networks-- \textit{Internal Covariate Shift}-- the current solution has certain drawbacks. For instance, BN depends on batch…

Despite the substantial progress in recent years, the image captioning techniques are still far from being perfect.Sentences produced by existing methods, e.g. those based on RNNs, are often overly rigid and lacking in variability. This…

The Japanese comic format known as Manga is popular all over the world. It is traditionally produced in black and white, and colorization is time consuming and costly. Automatic colorization methods generally rely on greyscale values, which…

Conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs) have demonstrated remarkable success due to their class-wise controllability and superior quality for complex generation tasks. Typical cGANs solve the joint distribution matching problem…

The GANs are generative models whose random samples realistically reflect natural images. It also can generate samples with specific attributes by concatenating a condition vector into the input, yet research on this field is not well…

Batch normalization (BN) is a milestone technique in deep learning. It normalizes the activation using mini-batch statistics during training but the estimated population statistics during inference. This paper focuses on investigating the…