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Batch normalization (BN) is central to modern deep networks, but its effect on the realized function during training remains less understood than its optimization benefits. We study training-time BN in continuous piecewise-affine (CPA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Xuan Qi , Yi Wei , Fanqi Yu , Furao Shen , Vittorio Murino , Cigdem Beyan

There is a growing concern about applying batch normalization (BN) in adversarial training (AT), especially when the model is trained on both adversarial samples and clean samples (termed Hybrid-AT). With the assumption that adversarial and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Chenshuang Zhang , Chaoning Zhang , Kang Zhang , Axi Niu , Junmo Kim , In So Kweon

Batch Normalization (BN) has been proven to be quite effective at accelerating and improving the training of deep neural networks (DNNs). However, BN brings additional computation, consumes more memory and generally slows down the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Shuang Wu , Guoqi Li , Lei Deng , Liu Liu , Yuan Xie , Luping Shi

Class imbalance is a critical issue in image classification that significantly affects the performance of deep recognition models. In this work, we first identify a network degeneration dilemma that hinders the model learning by introducing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Zhiwei Zhang

Batch Normalization (BN) has played a pivotal role in the success of deep learning by improving training stability, mitigating overfitting, and enabling more effective optimization. However, its adoption in deep reinforcement learning (DRL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Li Wang , Sudun , Xingjian Zhang , Wenjun Wu , Lei Huang

Batch normalization (BN) has been widely used in modern deep neural networks (DNNs) due to improved convergence. BN is observed to increase the model accuracy while at the cost of adversarial robustness. There is an increasing interest in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Philipp Benz , Chaoning Zhang , In So Kweon

Batch Normalization (BN) has been a standard component in designing deep neural networks (DNNs). Although the standard BN can significantly accelerate the training of DNNs and improve the generalization performance, it has several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Yong Guo , Qingyao Wu , Chaorui Deng , Jian Chen , Mingkui Tan

Normalization methods are essential components in convolutional neural networks (CNNs). They either standardize or whiten data using statistics estimated in predefined sets of pixels. Unlike existing works that design normalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Xingang Pan , Xiaohang Zhan , Jianping Shi , Xiaoou Tang , Ping Luo

Real-world image recognition is often challenged by the variability of visual styles including object textures, lighting conditions, filter effects, etc. Although these variations have been deemed to be implicitly handled by more training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-26 Hyeonseob Nam , Hyo-Eun Kim

Training state-of-the-art, deep neural networks is computationally expensive. One way to reduce the training time is to normalize the activities of the neurons. A recently introduced technique called batch normalization uses the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-22 Jimmy Lei Ba , Jamie Ryan Kiros , Geoffrey E. Hinton

Continual learning entails learning a sequence of tasks and balancing their knowledge appropriately. With limited access to old training samples, much of the current work in deep neural networks has focused on overcoming catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Yilin Lyu , Liyuan Wang , Xingxing Zhang , Zicheng Sun , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Liping Jing

We treat the problem of color enhancement as an image translation task, which we tackle using both supervised and unsupervised learning. Unlike traditional image to image generators, our translation is performed using a global parameterized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Yoav Chai , Raja Giryes , Lior Wolf

We present a novel CNN-based image editing strategy that allows the user to change the semantic information of an image over an arbitrary region by manipulating the feature-space representation of the image in a trained GAN model. We will…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-10 Ryohei Suzuki , Masanori Koyama , Takeru Miyato , Taizan Yonetsuji , Huachun Zhu

Recent work has increased the performance of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) by enforcing a consistency cost on the discriminator. We improve on this technique in several ways. We first show that consistency regularization can…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-16 Zhengli Zhao , Sameer Singh , Honglak Lee , Zizhao Zhang , Augustus Odena , Han Zhang

Training neural networks is an optimization problem, and finding a decent set of parameters through gradient descent can be a difficult task. A host of techniques has been developed to aid this process before and during the training phase.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Divya Gaur , Joachim Folz , Andreas Dengel

Adapting a model to perform well on unforeseen data outside its training set is a common problem that continues to motivate new approaches. We demonstrate that application of batch normalization in the output layer, prior to softmax…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Matthew R. Behrend , Sean M. Robinson

The performance of DNNs trained on clean images has been shown to decrease when the test images have common corruptions. In this work, we interpret corruption robustness as a domain shift and propose to rectify batch normalization (BN)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Philipp Benz , Chaoning Zhang , Adil Karjauv , In So Kweon

We address the problem of estimating statistics of hidden units in a neural network using a method of analytic moment propagation. These statistics are useful for approximate whitening of the inputs in front of saturating non-linearities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-29 Alexander Shekhovtsov , Boris Flach

In this study, we consider classification problems based on neural networks in data-imbalanced environment. Learning from an imbalanced data set is one of the most important and practical problems in the field of machine learning. A…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-02 Muneki Yasuda , Seishirou Ueno

A key component of most neural network architectures is the use of normalization layers, such as Batch Normalization. Despite its common use and large utility in optimizing deep architectures, it has been challenging both to generically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Cecilia Summers , Michael J. Dinneen
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