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Batch normalization (BN) is a popular and ubiquitous method in deep learning that has been shown to decrease training time and improve generalization performance of neural networks. Despite its success, BN is not theoretically well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Susanna Lange , Kyle Helfrich , Qiang Ye

Batch Normalization (BN) has been used extensively in deep learning to achieve faster training process and better resulting models. However, whether BN works strongly depends on how the batches are constructed during training and it may not…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-16 Xiangru Lian , Ji Liu

Modern deep learning architecture utilize batch normalization (BN) to stabilize training and improve accuracy. It has been shown that the BN layers alone are surprisingly expressive. In the context of robustness against adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Nils Philipp Walter , David Stutz , Bernt Schiele

Extensive researches have applied deep neural networks (DNNs) in class incremental learning (Class-IL). As building blocks of DNNs, batch normalization (BN) standardizes intermediate feature maps and has been widely validated to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Minghao Zhou , Quanziang Wang , Jun Shu , Qian Zhao , Deyu Meng

Batch normalization (BN) is a key facilitator and considered essential for state-of-the-art binary neural networks (BNN). However, the BN layer is costly to calculate and is typically implemented with non-binary parameters, leaving a hurdle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Tianlong Chen , Zhenyu Zhang , Xu Ouyang , Zechun Liu , Zhiqiang Shen , Zhangyang Wang

Over the last decade, the process of automatic image colorization has been of significant interest for several application areas including restoration of aged or degraded images. This problem is highly ill-posed due to the large degrees of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-16 Kamyar Nazeri , Eric Ng , Mehran Ebrahimi

Various normalization layers have been proposed to help the training of neural networks. Group Normalization (GN) is one of the effective and attractive studies that achieved significant performances in the visual recognition task. Despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Agus Gunawan , Xu Yin , Kang Zhang

Adversarial training is one of the main defenses against adversarial attacks. In this paper, we provide the first rigorous study on diagnosing elements of adversarial training, which reveals two intriguing properties. First, we study the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Cihang Xie , Alan Yuille

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are known to be difficult to train, despite considerable research effort. Several regularization techniques for stabilizing training have been proposed, but they introduce non-trivial computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Han Zhang , Zizhao Zhang , Augustus Odena , Honglak Lee

In this work we investigate the reasons why Batch Normalization (BN) improves the generalization performance of deep networks. We argue that one major reason, distinguishing it from data-independent normalization methods, is randomness of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Alexander Shekhovtsov , Boris Flach

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) are hard and time-consuming to train. Normalization is one of the effective solutions. Among previous normalization methods, Batch Normalization (BN) performs well at medium and large batch sizes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Xiao-Yun Zhou , Jiacheng Sun , Nanyang Ye , Xu Lan , Qijun Luo , Bo-Lin Lai , Pedro Esperanca , Guang-Zhong Yang , Zhenguo Li

Understanding the mechanism of generative adversarial networks (GANs) helps us better use GANs for downstream applications. Existing efforts mainly target interpreting unconditional models, leaving it less explored how a conditional GAN…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Yingqing He , Zhiyi Zhang , Jiapeng Zhu , Yujun Shen , Qifeng Chen

A critically important, ubiquitous, and yet poorly understood ingredient in modern deep networks (DNs) is batch normalization (BN), which centers and normalizes the feature maps. To date, only limited progress has been made understanding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Randall Balestriero , Richard G. Baraniuk

Batch Normalization (BN) is a milestone technique in the development of deep learning, enabling various networks to train. However, normalizing along the batch dimension introduces problems --- BN's error increases rapidly when the batch…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Yuxin Wu , Kaiming He

Batch Normalization (BN) has become an out-of-box technique to improve deep network training. However, its effectiveness is limited for micro-batch training, i.e., each GPU typically has only 1-2 images for training, which is inevitable for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Siyuan Qiao , Huiyu Wang , Chenxi Liu , Wei Shen , Alan Yuille

Utilizing recently introduced concepts from statistics and quantitative risk management, we present a general variant of Batch Normalization (BN) that offers accelerated convergence of Neural Network training compared to conventional BN. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Xiaoyong Yuan , Zheng Feng , Matthew Norton , Xiaolin Li

Normalization techniques have been widely used in the field of deep learning due to their capability of enabling higher learning rates and are less careful in initialization. However, the effectiveness of popular normalization technologies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Afifa Khaled , Chao Li , Jia Ning , Kun He

Batch normalization (BN) is comprised of a normalization component followed by an affine transformation and has become essential for training deep neural networks. Standard initialization of each BN in a network sets the affine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Jim Davis , Logan Frank

Batch Normalization (BN) is essential to effectively train state-of-the-art deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). It normalizes inputs to the layers during training using the statistics of each mini-batch. In this work, we study BN from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Mahdi M. Kalayeh , Mubarak Shah

Batch normalization has been widely used to improve optimization in deep neural networks. While the uncertainty in batch statistics can act as a regularizer, using these dataset statistics specific to the training set impairs generalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Vincent Michalski , Vikram Voleti , Samira Ebrahimi Kahou , Anthony Ortiz , Pascal Vincent , Chris Pal , Doina Precup