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Histological staining is a vital step used to diagnose various diseases and has been used for more than a century to provide contrast to tissue sections, rendering the tissue constituents visible for microscopic analysis by medical experts.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-08 Yijie Zhang , Kevin de Haan , Yair Rivenson , Jingxi Li , Apostolos Delis , Aydogan Ozcan

Deep learning-based virtual staining was developed to introduce image contrast to label-free tissue sections, digitally matching the histological staining, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and destructive to tissue. Standard…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-31 Yijie Zhang , Luzhe Huang , Tairan Liu , Keyi Cheng , Kevin de Haan , Yuzhu Li , Bijie Bai , Aydogan Ozcan

Histological staining is the gold standard for tissue examination in clinical pathology and life-science research, which visualizes the tissue and cellular structures using chromatic dyes or fluorescence labels to aid the microscopic…

Medical Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Bijie Bai , Xilin Yang , Yuzhu Li , Yijie Zhang , Nir Pillar , Aydogan Ozcan

Histological examination is a crucial step in an autopsy; however, the traditional histochemical staining of post-mortem samples faces multiple challenges, including the inferior staining quality due to autolysis caused by delayed fixation…

Virtual staining of tissue offers a powerful tool for transforming label-free microscopy images of unstained tissue into equivalents of histochemically stained samples. This study presents a diffusion model-based super-resolution virtual…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-01 Yijie Zhang , Luzhe Huang , Nir Pillar , Yuzhu Li , Hanlong Chen , Aydogan Ozcan

Organ transplantation serves as the primary therapeutic strategy for end-stage organ failures. However, allograft rejection is a common complication of organ transplantation. Histological assessment is essential for the timely detection and…

Using a deep neural network, we demonstrate a digital staining technique, which we term PhaseStain, to transform quantitative phase images (QPI) of labelfree tissue sections into images that are equivalent to brightfield microscopy images…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-02-08 Yair Rivenson , Tairan Liu , Zhensong Wei , Yibo Zhang , Aydogan Ozcan

Modern histopathology relies on the microscopic examination of thin tissue sections stained with histochemical techniques, typically using brightfield or fluorescence microscopy. However, the staining of samples can permanently alter their…

The differentiation between pathological subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an essential step in guiding treatment options and prognosis. However, current clinical practice relies on multi-step staining and labelling…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-10 Zhenya Zang , David A Dorward , Katherine E Quiohilag , Andrew DJ Wood , James R Hopgood , Ahsan R Akram , Qiang Wang

Virtual staining, or in-silico-labeling, has been proposed to computationally generate synthetic fluorescence images from label-free images by use of deep learning-based image-to-image translation networks. In most reported studies,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-04 Sourya Sengupta , Jianquan Xu , Phuong Nguyen , Frank J. Brooks , Yang Liu , Mark A. Anastasio

Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful tool for untargeted, highly multiplexed molecular mapping of tissue in biomedical research. IMS offers a means of mapping the spatial distributions of molecular species in biological tissue with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yijie Zhang , Luzhe Huang , Nir Pillar , Yuzhu Li , Lukasz G. Migas , Raf Van de Plas , Jeffrey M. Spraggins , Aydogan Ozcan

The immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) biomarker is widely practiced in breast tissue analysis, preclinical studies and diagnostic decisions, guiding cancer treatment and investigation…

Histopathological visualizations are a pillar of modern medicine and biological research. Surgical oncology relies exclusively on post-operative histology to determine definitive surgical success and guide adjuvant treatments. The current…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-04 Marian Boktor , Benjamin Ecclestone , Vlad Pekar , Deepak Dinakaran , John R. Mackey , Paul Fieguth , Parsin Haji Reza

Quantitative analysis of cell structures is essential for biomedical and pharmaceutical research. The standard imaging approach relies on fluorescence microscopy, where cell structures of interest are labeled by chemical staining…

Three-dimensional X-ray histology techniques offer a non-invasive alternative to conventional 2D histology, enabling volumetric imaging of biological tissues without the need for physical sectioning or chemical staining. However, the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-12 Sarah C. Irvine , Christian Lucas , Diana Krüger , Bianca Guedert , Julian Moosmann , Berit Zeller-Plumhoff

We present a rapid, large-field bimodal imaging platform that integrates conventional brightfield microscopy with a lensless IR imaging scanner, enabling whole-slide IR image stack acquisition in minutes. Using a dedicated deep learning…

The field of histology relies heavily on antiquated tissue processing and staining techniques that limit the efficiency of pathologic diagnoses of cancer and other diseases. Current staining and advanced labeling methods are often…

Many medical and biological protocols for analyzing individual biological cells involve morphological evaluation based on cell staining, designed to enhance imaging contrast and enable clinicians and biologists to differentiate between…

In histopathology, tissue sections are typically stained using common H&E staining or special stains (MAS, PAS, PASM, etc.) to clearly visualize specific tissue structures. The rapid advancement of deep learning offers an effective solution…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-23 Zizhi Chen , Xinyu Zhang , Minghao Han , Yizhou Liu , Ziyun Qian , Weifeng Zhang , Xukun Zhang , Jingwei Wei , Lihua Zhang

In life sciences, fluorescent labeling techniques are used to study molecular structures and interactions of cells. However, this type of cell imaging has its own limitations, one of which is that the process of staining the cells could be…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-07 Eunjae Kim
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