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The unique features of entanglement and non-locality in quantum systems, where there are pairs of bipartite states perfectly distinguishable by general entangled measurements yet indistinguishable by local operations and classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-19 Chenghong Zhu , Chengkai Zhu , Zhiping Liu , Xin Wang

The Schmidt number is an entanglement measure whose logarithm quantifies the zero-error entanglement cost of generating a given quantum state using local operations and classical communication (LOCC). %However, the Schmidt number is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-08 Qiuling Yue , Eric Chitambar

Entanglement is a special feature of the quantum world that reflects the existence of subtle, often non-local, correlations between local degrees of freedom. In topological theories such non-local correlations can be given a very intuitive…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-01-31 D. Melnikov , A. Mironov , S. Mironov , A. Morozov , An. Morozov

The Schmidt number of a mixed state characterizes the minimum Schmidt rank of the pure states needed to construct it. We investigate the Schmidt number of an arbitrary mixed state by constructing a Schmidt number witness that detects it. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Anna Sanpera , Dagmar Bruss , Maciej Lewenstein

Entanglement is a key feature in many quantum technologies, including secure communication protocols and quantum computing. However, detecting it in mixed quantum states remains a challenging task. While the positive partial transposition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Tobias C. Sutter , Christopher Popp , Beatrix C. Hiesmayr

The resources needed to conventionally characterize a quantum system are overwhelmingly large for high- dimensional systems. This obstacle may be overcome by abandoning traditional cornerstones of quantum measurement, such as general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-17 Gregory A. Howland , Samuel H. Knarr , James Schneeloch , Daniel J. Lum , John C. Howell

It is known that he bipartite quantum states, with rank strictly smaller than the maximum of the ranks of its two reduced states, are distillable by local operations and classical communication. Our first main result is that this is also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 Lin Chen , Dragomir Z. Djokovic

We construct a new class of PPT states for bipartite "d x d" systems. This class is invariant under the maximal commutative subgroup of U(d) and contains as special cases almost all known examples of PPT states. Theses states may be used to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Dariusz Chruscinski , Andrzej Kossakowski

Entanglement is a cornerstone in quantum information science, yet detecting it efficiently remains a challenging task. Focusing on non-positive partially transposed (NPT) states, we establish a hierarchy among entropy-based, majorization,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-30 Akhil Kumar Awasthi , Sudipta Mondal , Rivu Gupta , Aditi Sen De

It is known that beyond $2 \otimes 2$ and $2 \otimes 3$ dimensional quantum systems, Peres-Hordecki criterion is no longer sufficient as an entanglement detection criterion as there are entangled states with both positive and negative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-01 Rounak Mundra , Sabuj Chattopadhyay , Indranil Chakrabarty , Nirman Ganguly

Multiqubit positive-partial-transpose (PPT) entangled states play an important role in quantum information theory. We characterize such states of minimum rank in three-qubit system, namely rank four. Depending on whether the Lorentz…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Yonggang Cheng , Lin Chen

In $3\times 3$ dimensions, entangled mixed states that are positive under partial transposition (PPT states) must have rank at least four. They are well understood. We say that they have rank $(4,4)$ since a state $\rho$ and its partial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-23 Leif Ove Hansen , Jan Myrheim

By introducing the concept of $\epsilon$-convertibility, we extend Nielsen's and Vidal's theorems to the entanglement transformation of infinite-dimensional systems. Using an infinite-dimensional version of Vidal's theorem we derive a new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-29 Masaki Owari , Samuel L. Braunstein , Kae Nemoto , Mio Murao

We consider the problem of existence of bound entangled states with non-positive partial transpose (NPT). As one knows, existence of such states would in particular imply nonadditivity of distillable entanglement. Moreover it would rule out…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-08-09 Łukasz Pankowski , Marco Piani , Michał Horodecki , Paweł Horodecki

Characterizing entanglement of systems composed of multiple particles is a very complex problem that is attracting increasing attention across different disciplines related to quantum physics. The task becomes even more complex when the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-12 Shuheng Liu , Qiongyi He , Marcus Huber , Giuseppe Vitagliano

We construct a large class of quantum "d x d" states which are positive under partial transposition (so called PPT states). The construction is based on certain direct sum decomposition of the total Hilbert space displaying characteristic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Dariusz Chruscinski , Andrzej Kossakowski

The Schmidt number is an important kind of characterization of quantum entanglement. Quantum states with higher Schmidt numbers demonstrate significant advantages in various quantum information processing tasks. By deriving a class of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Xiao-Qian Mu , Hao-Fan Wang , Shao-Ming Fei

Graph states form a rich class of entangled states that exhibit important aspects of multi-partite entanglement. At the same time, they can be described by a number of parameters that grows only moderately with the system size. They have a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Hein , W. Dür , J. Eisert , R. Raussendorf , M. Van den Nest , H. -J. Briegel

We study Schmidt rank for a vector (i.e., a pure state) and Schmidt number for a mixed state which are entanglement measures. We show that if a subspace of a certain bipartite system contains no vector of Schmidt rank $\leqslant k$, then…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-13 Priyabrata Bag , Santanu Dey

The problem of determining whether a given quantum state is entangled lies at the heart of quantum information processing, which is known to be an NP-hard problem in general. Despite the proposed many methods such as the positive partial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-18 Sirui Lu , Shilin Huang , Keren Li , Jun Li , Jianxin Chen , Dawei Lu , Zhengfeng Ji , Yi Shen , Duanlu Zhou , Bei Zeng
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