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In-memory key-value stores (IMKVSes) serve many online applications because of their efficiency. To support data backup, popular industrial IMKVSes periodically take a point-in-time snapshot of the in-memory data with the system call fork.…

Cuckoo hashing [4] is a multiple choice hashing scheme in which each item can be placed in multiple locations, and collisions are resolved by moving items to their alternative locations. In the classical implementation of two-way cuckoo…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-11-16 Ely Porat , Bar Shalem

The performance of today's in-memory indexes is bottlenecked by the memory latency/bandwidth wall. Processing-in-memory (PIM) is an emerging approach that potentially mitigates this bottleneck, by enabling low-latency memory access whose…

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) has proven effective in improving the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) during inference. However, existing research has overlooked the efficiency of TTS from a latency-sensitive perspective. Through a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Zili Wang , Tianyu Zhang , Haoli Bai , Lu Hou , Xianzhi Yu , Wulong Liu , Shiming Xiang , Lei Zhu

In recent years, emerging storage hardware technologies have focused on divergent goals: better performance or lower cost-per-bit. Correspondingly, data systems that employ these technologies are typically optimized either to be fast (but…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Ashwini Raina , Jianan Lu , Asaf Cidon , Michael J. Freedman

Multi-tier computing can enhance the task computation by multi-tier computing nodes. In this paper, we propose a cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) aided computing system by deploying multi-tier computing nodes to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Kunlun Wang , Dusit Niyato , Wen Chen , Arumugam Nallanathan

Blockchain networks offer decentralization, transparency, and immutability for managing critical data but encounter scalability problems as the number of network members and transaction issuers grows. Sharding is considered a promising…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yongrae Jo , Chanik Park

Partitioning large machine learning models across distributed accelerator systems is a complex process, requiring a series of interdependent decisions that are further complicated by internal sharding ambiguities. Consequently, existing…

This paper investigates the inclusion of microservices architecture in the development of scalable and reliable airline reservation systems. Most of the traditional reservation systems are very rigid and centralized which makes them prone…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Biman Barua , M. Shamim Kaiser

Modern microservice systems exhibit continuous structural evolution in their runtime call graphs due to workload fluctuations, fault responses, and deployment activities. Despite this complexity, our analysis of over 500,000 production…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yu Tang , Hailiang Zhao , Chuansheng Lu , Yifei Zhang , Kingsum Chow , Shuiguang Deng , Rui Shi

Serving transformer language models with high throughput requires caching Key-Values (KVs) to avoid redundant computation during autoregressive generation. The memory footprint of KV caching is significant and heavily impacts serving costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Anastasiia Filippova , David Grangier , Marco Cuturi , João Monteiro

Large language models (LLMs) with different architectures and sizes have been developed. Serving each LLM with dedicated GPUs leads to resource waste and service inefficiency due to the varying demand of LLM requests. A common practice is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yihao Zhao , Jiadun Chen , Peng Sun , Lei Li , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin

In order to meet the performance/privacy requirements of future data-intensive mobile applications, e.g., self-driving cars, mobile data analytics, and AR/VR, service providers are expected to draw on shared storage/computation/connectivity…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Jiaxiao Zheng , Gustavo de Veciana

Decentralized control, low-complexity, flexible and efficient communications are the requirements of an architecture that aims to scale blockchains beyond the current state. Such properties are attainable by reducing ledger size and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Vishal Sharma , Zengpeng Li , Pawel Szalachowski , Teik Guan Tan , Jianying Zhou

Most modern data stores tend to be distributed, to enable the scaling of the data across multiple instances of commodity hardware. Although this ensures a near unlimited potential for storage, the data itself is not always ideally…

Databases · Computer Science 2017-03-27 Vineet John

String sorting is an important part of tasks such as building index data structures. Unfortunately, current string sorting algorithms do not scale to massively parallel distributed-memory machines since they either have latency (at least)…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Florian Kurpicz , Pascal Mehnert , Peter Sanders , Matthias Schimek

We demonstrate that general-purpose memory allocation involving many threads on many cores can be done with high performance, multicore scalability, and low memory consumption. For this purpose, we have designed and implemented scalloc, a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2015-08-26 Martin Aigner , Christoph M. Kirsch , Michael Lippautz , Ana Sokolova

Memory system is often the main bottleneck in chipmultiprocessor (CMP) systems in terms of latency, bandwidth and efficiency, and recently additionally facing capacity and power problems in an era of big data. A lot of research works have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2014-04-10 Licheng Chen , Tianyue Lu , Yanan Wang , Mingyu Chen , Yuan Ruan , Zehan Cui , Yongbing Huang , Mingyang Chen , Jiutian Zhang , Yungang Bao

High throughput serving of large language models (LLMs) requires batching sufficiently many requests at a time. However, existing systems struggle because the key-value cache (KV cache) memory for each request is huge and grows and shrinks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Woosuk Kwon , Zhuohan Li , Siyuan Zhuang , Ying Sheng , Lianmin Zheng , Cody Hao Yu , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Hao Zhang , Ion Stoica

Non-volatile memory arrays can deploy pre-trained neural network models for edge inference. However, these systems are affected by device-level noise and retention issues. Here, we examine damage caused by these effects, introduce a…