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It is shown that if a generalized definition of gauge invariance is used, gauge invariant effective stress-energy tensors for gravitational waves and other gravitational perturbations can be defined in a much larger variety of circumstances…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-09-09 Paul R. Anderson

This paper presents a nonconforming finite element approximation of the space of symmetric tensors with square integrable divergence, on tetrahedral meshes. Used for stress approximation together with the full space of piecewise linear…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-01-29 Douglas N. Arnold , Gerard Awanou , Ragnar Winther

Stress-induced shaping, which deforms thin substrates utilizing stressed surface coatings, has enabled and enhanced a host of applications in past decades. Owing to the touchless fabrication process compatible with modern planar technology,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-04-20 Youwei Yao , Brandon Chalifoux , Ralf Heilmann , Mark Schattenburg

In moving electromagnetic systems, electromagnetic momentum calculated from the vector potential is shown to be proportional to the field energy of the system. The momentum thus obtained is shown actually to be the same as derived from a…

General Physics · Physics 2025-10-17 Ashok K. Singal

We examine the force of the electromagnetic radiation on linear, isotropic, homogeneous media specified in terms of their permittivity epsilon and permeability mu. A formula is proposed for the electromagnetic Lorentz force on the…

Optics · Physics 2014-01-31 Masud Mansuripur

Modern meta-materials allow one to construct electromagnetic media with almost arbitrary bespoke permittivity, permeability, and magneto-electric tensors. If (and only if) the permittivity, permeability, and magneto-electric tensors satisfy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-08-16 Sebastian Schuster , Matt Visser

In this paper we study equations of magnetic hydrodynamics with a stress tensor. We interpret this system as the generalized Euler equation associated with an abelian extension of the Lie algebra of vector fields with a non-trivial…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Yuly Billig

Electromagnetic force and torque are typically derived from a stress tensor in conjunction with Maxwell's equations of classical electrodynamics. In some instances, the Principle of Least Action (built around a Lagrangian) can be used to…

Optics · Physics 2021-08-09 Masud Mansuripur

The probably most fundamental information about a particle is contained in the matrix elements of its energy momentum tensor (EMT) which are accessible from hard-exclusive reactions via generalized parton distribution functions. The spin…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-12-21 Jonathan Hudson , Irina A. Perevalova , Maxim V. Polyakov , Peter Schweitzer

It is proposed a natural and consistent division of the momentum of electromagnetic waves in linear, non-dispersive and non-absorptive dielectric and magnetic media into material and electromagnetic parts. The material part is calculated…

Optics · Physics 2010-02-04 Pablo L. Saldanha

Ordinarily, the stress tensor that one derives for a Madelung fluid is not regarded as being coupled to a strain tensor, which is consistent with the fluid hypothesis. However, based upon earlier work regarding the geometric nature of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-18 D. H. Delphenich

In a previous paper, we pointed out how a dimensional analysis of the stress-energy tensor of the gravitational field allows to derive the field equation of General Relativity. In this note, we comment an analogous reasoning in presence of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-01-14 J. Navarro , J. B. Sancho

The Abraham--Minkowski momentum controversy is the outwardly visible symptom of an inconsistency in the use of the energy-momentum tensor in the case of a plane quasimonochromatic field in a simple linear dielectric. We show that the Gordon…

Classical Physics · Physics 2012-11-09 Michael E. Crenshaw

A wave turbulence theory is developed for inertial electron magnetohydrodynamics (IEMHD) in the presence of a relatively strong and uniform external magnetic field $\boldsymbol{B_0} = B_0 \hat{\boldsymbol{e}}_\|$. This regime is relevant…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2022-10-26 Vincent David , Sébastien Galtier

We present a new class of artificial materials which exhibit a tailored response to the electrical component of electromagnetic radiation. These electric metamaterials (EM-MMs) are investigated theoretically, computationally, and…

Materials Science · Physics 2007-05-23 W. J. Padilla , M. T. Aronsson , C. Highstrete , Mark Lee , A. J. Taylor , R. D. Averitt

We theoretically consider infrared-driven hyperbolic metamaterials able to spatially filtering terahertz radiation. The metamaterial is a slab made of alternating semiconductor and dielectric layers whose homogenized uniaxial response, at…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-05 Carlo Rizza , Alessandro Ciattoni , Elisa Spinozzi , Lorenzo Columbo

The potential concept that is successful in classical electrodynamics should also be applicable to the nonlinear electromagnetic forces acting on matter. The obvious method of determining these potentials should be provided by Helmholtz's…

Classical Physics · Physics 2008-05-12 Wolfgang Engelhardt

We will report on the electromagnetic response due to induced dipolar currents in metamaterials of 2-dimensional array of metallic elements. Used as frequency selectors, the metamaterial transmittance presents a single resonance in the…

Optics · Physics 2009-08-04 C. Rizza , E. Palange , P. Carelli , M. Ortolani , O. Limaj , A. Nucara , S. Lupi

Motivated by a desire to understand quantum fluctuation energy densities and stress within a spatially varying dielectric medium, we examine the vacuum expectation value for the stress tensor of a scalar field with arbitrary conformal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-05-17 Kimball A. Milton , Stephen A. Fulling , Prachi Parashar , Pushpa Kalauni , Taylor Murphy

The mechanical response of naturally abundant amorphous solids such as gels, jammed grains, and biological tissues are not described by the conventional paradigm of broken symmetry that defines crystalline elasticity. In contrast, the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2020-09-29 Jishnu N. Nampoothiri , Yinqiao Wang , Kabir Ramola , Jie Zhang , Subhro Bhattacharjee , Bulbul Chakraborty