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Behavior trees (BTs) are an optimally modular framework to assemble hierarchical hybrid control policies from a set of low-level control policies using a tree structure. Many robotic tasks are naturally decomposed into a hierarchy of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-21 Christopher Iliffe Sprague , Petter Ögren

Many manipulation tasks pose a challenge since they depend on non-visual environmental information that can only be determined after sustained physical interaction has already begun. This is particularly relevant for effort-sensitive,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Jacques Cloete , Wolfgang Merkt , Ioannis Havoutis

Soft robots are interesting examples of hyper-redundancy in robotics, however, the nonlinear continuous dynamics of these robots and the use of hyper-elastic and visco-elastic materials makes modeling of these robots more complicated. This…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Mahboubeh Keyvanara , Arman Goshtasbi , Irene A. Kuling

For fully actuated rigid robots, kinematic inversion is a purely geometric problem, efficiently solved by closed-loop inverse kinematics (CLIK) schemes that compute joint configurations to position the robot body in space. For underactuated…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Carina Veil , Moritz Flaschel , Ellen Kuhl , Cosimo Della Santina

This paper presents a novel approach to generating behavior trees for robots using lightweight large language models (LLMs) with a maximum of 7 billion parameters. The study demonstrates that it is possible to achieve satisfying results…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Riccardo Andrea Izzo , Gianluca Bardaro , Matteo Matteucci

Behavior trees (BTs) emerged from video game development as a graphical language for modeling intelligent agent behavior. BTs have several properties which are attractive for modeling medical procedures including human-readability,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-01-25 Blake Hannaford

Although inverse kinematics of serial manipulators is a well studied problem, challenges still exist in finding smooth feasible solutions that are also collision aware. Furthermore, with collaborative service robots gaining traction,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Salih Marangoz , Rohit Menon , Nils Dengler , Maren Bennewitz

In this paper, we show how a planning algorithm can be used to automatically create and update a Behavior Tree (BT), controlling a robot in a dynamic environment. The planning part of the algorithm is based on the idea of back chaining.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Michele Colledanchise , Diogo Almeida , Petter Ögren

We propose a hybrid combination of active inference and behavior trees (BTs) for reactive action planning and execution in dynamic environments, showing how robotic tasks can be formulated as a free-energy minimization problem. The proposed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Corrado Pezzato , Carlos Hernandez Corbato , Stefan Bonhof , Martijn Wisse

In this study, we propose task planning framework for multiple robots that builds on a behavior tree (BT). BTs communicate with a data distribution service (DDS) to send and receive data. Since the standard BT derived from one root node…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Seungwoo Jeong , Taekwon Ga , Inhwan Jeong , Jongeun Choi

Behavior Trees (BTs) offer a powerful paradigm for designing modular and reactive robot controllers. BT planning, an emerging field, provides theoretical guarantees for the automated generation of reliable BTs. However, BT planning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yishuai Cai , Xinglin Chen , Yunxin Mao , Kun Hu , Minglong Li , Yaodong Yang , Yuanpei Chen

Objective: Effective collaboration between machines and clinicians requires flexible data structures to represent medical processes and clinical practice guidelines. Such a data structure could enable effective turn-taking between human and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Blake Hannaford , Randall Bly , Ian Humphreys , Mark Whipple

Robots must make and break contact with the environment to perform useful tasks, but planning and control through contact remains a formidable challenge. In this work, we achieve real-time contact-implicit model predictive control with a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Vince Kurtz , Alejandro Castro , Aykut Özgün Önol , Hai Lin

With the goal of moving towards implementation of increasingly dynamic behaviors on underactuated systems, this paper presents an optimization-based approach for solving full-body dynamics based controllers on underactuated bipedal robots.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-04-03 Jenna Reher , Claudia Kann , Aaron D. Ames

The integration of collaborative robots into industrial environments has improved productivity, but has also highlighted significant challenges related to operator safety and ergonomics. This paper proposes an innovative framework that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Francesco Iodice , Elena De Momi , Arash Ajoudani

Complex robotic systems require whole-body controllers to deal with contact interactions, handle closed kinematic chains, and track task-space control objectives. However, for many applications, safety-critical controllers are important to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Victor Paredes , Ayonga Hereid

In modern industrial collaborative robotic applications, it is desirable to create robot programs automatically, intuitively, and time-efficiently. Moreover, robots need to be controlled by reactive policies to face the unpredictability of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Matteo Iovino , Jonathan Styrud , Pietro Falco , Christian Smith

Inverse Kinematics (IK) solves the problem of mapping from the Cartesian space to the joint configuration space of a robotic arm. It has a wide range of applications in areas such as computer graphics, protein structure prediction, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Chi-Kai Ho , Chung-Ta King

Interpretable policy representations like Behavior Trees (BTs) and Dynamic Motion Primitives (DMPs) enable robot skill transfer from human demonstrations, but each faces limitations: BTs require expert-crafted low-level actions, while DMPs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-14 David Cáceres Domínguez , Erik Schaffernicht , Todor Stoyanov

Cyber-physical production systems increasingly involve collaborative robotic missions, requiring more demand for robust and safe missions. Industries rely on risk assessments to identify potential failures and implement measures to mitigate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Razan Ghzouli , Atieh Hanna , Endre Erös , Rebekka Wohlrab