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The widespread of libraries within modern software ecosystems creates complex networks of dependencies. These dependencies are fragile to breakage, outdated, or redundancy, potentially leading to cascading issues in dependent libraries. One…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Pongchai Jaisri , Brittany Reid , Raula Gaikovina Kula

Third-party library reuse has become common practice in contemporary software development, as it includes several benefits for developers. Library dependencies are constantly evolving, with newly added features and patches that fix bugs in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-09-15 Raula Gaikovina Kula , Daniel M. German , Ali Ouni , Takashi Ishio , Katsuro Inoue

Open-source software (OSS) supply chain security has become a topic of concern for organizations. Patching an OSS vulnerability can require updating other dependent software products in addition to the original package. However, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Cadence Patrick , Kimberly Ruth , Zakir Durumeric

Dependency confusion attacks exploit a structural gap in software distribution: once a package is installed, there is no cryptographic proof of which registry distributed it. Every existing defense is configuration-based and fails silently…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Alan L. McCann

Software supply chain attacks have revealed blind spots in existing SCA tools, which are often limited to a single ecosystem and assess either software artifacts or community activity in isolation. This fragmentation across tools and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Ziheng Liu , Runzhi He , Minghui Zhou

Dependency solving is a hard (NP-complete) problem in all non-trivial component models due to either mutually incompatible versions of the same packages or explicitly declared package conflicts. As such, software upgrade planning needs to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Pietro Abate , Roberto Di Cosmo , Georgios Gousios , Stefano Zacchiroli

Security vulnerability in third-party dependencies is a growing concern not only for developers of the affected software, but for the risks it poses to an entire software ecosystem, e.g., Heartbleed vulnerability. Recent studies show that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Bodin Chinthanet , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Shane McIntosh , Takashi Ishio , Akinori Ihara , Kenichi Matsumoto

Python is widely used in the open-source community, largely owing to the extensive support from diverse third-party libraries within the PyPI ecosystem. Nevertheless, the utilization of third-party libraries can potentially lead to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Yun Peng , Ruida Hu , Ruoke Wang , Cuiyun Gao , Shuqing Li , Michael R. Lyu

Software developers typically rely upon a large network of dependencies to build their applications. For instance, the NPM package repository contains over 3 million packages and serves tens of billions of downloads weekly. Understanding…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Donald Pinckney , Federico Cassano , Arjun Guha , Jonathan Bell

Python applications depend on third-party native libraries that may be vendored within package distributions or installed on the host system. When vulnerabilities are discovered in these native libraries, determining which Python packages…

A software supply chain attack is characterized by the injection of malicious code into a software package in order to compromise dependent systems further down the chain. Recent years saw a number of supply chain attacks that leverage the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Marc Ohm , Henrik Plate , Arnold Sykosch , Michael Meier

This letter introduced a new R package 'coexist' which can perform species coexistence simulation and analysis. The package was initially developed for understanding the role of different combinations of varying species growth rates,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2014-04-11 Youhua Chen

Many modern software projects evolve rapidly to incorporate new features and security patches. It is important for users to update their dependencies to safer versions, but many still use older, vulnerable package versions because upgrading…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Zhiqing Zhong , Jiaming Huang , Pinjia He

This chapter defines and presents different kinds of software ecosystems. The focus is on the development, tooling and analytics aspects of software ecosystems, i.e., communities of software developers and the interconnected software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Tom Mens , Coen De Roover

As the complexity and size of software projects increases in real-world environments, maintaining and creating maintainable and dependable code becomes harder and more costly. Refactoring is considered as a method for enhancing the internal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Mohammad Raji

Package managers such as NPM have become essential for software development. The NPM repository hosts over 2 million packages and serves over 43 billion downloads every week. Unfortunately, the NPM dependency solver has several…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Donald Pinckney , Federico Cassano , Arjun Guha , Jon Bell , Massimiliano Culpo , Todd Gamblin

Third-party libraries (TPLs) are frequently reused in software to reduce development cost and the time to market. However, external library dependencies may introduce vulnerabilities into host applications. The issue of library dependency…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Wei Tang , Zhengzi Xu , Chengwei Liu , Jiahui Wu , Shouguo Yang , Yi Li , Ping Luo , Yang Liu

The disconnect between distributed software artifacts and their supposed source code enables attackers to leverage the build process for inserting malicious functionality. Past research in this field focuses on compiled language ecosystems,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Timo Pohl , Pavel Novák , Marc Ohm , Michael Meier

The advent of miniaturized biologging devices has provided ecologists with unprecedented opportunities to record animal movement across scales, and led to the collection of ever-increasing quantities of tracking data. In parallel,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-10-16 Rocio Joo , Matthew E. Boone , Thomas A. Clay , Samantha C. Patrick , Susana Clusella-Trullas , Mathieu Basille

Open source machine learning (ML) libraries enable developers to integrate advanced ML functionality into their own applications. However, popular ML libraries, such as TensorFlow, are not available natively in all programming languages and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Hao Li , Cor-Paul Bezemer
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