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The Leggett-Garg inequality (LGI) places a bound for the distinction between quantum systems and classical systems. Despite that the tests of temporal quantum correlations on LGIs have been studied in Hermitian realm, there are still…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-21 Pengfei Lu , Xinxin Rao , Teng Liu , Yang Liu , Ji Bian , Feng Zhu , Le Luo

The usual formulation of Macrorealism is recast to make this notion fully concurrent with the basic ideas behind classical physics. The assumption of non-invasiveness of measurements is dropped. Instead, it is assumed that the current state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-09-10 Marek Zukowski

Quantum theory contravenes classical macrorealism by allowing a system to be in a superposition of two or more physically distinct states, producing physical consequences radically different from that of classical physics. We show that a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Arijit Chatterjee , H. S. Karthik , T. S. Mahesh , A. R. Usha Devi

A recent paper by Souza, Oliveira and Sarthour (SOS) reports the experimental violation of a Leggett-Garg inequality (sometimes referred to as a temporal Bell inequality). The inequality tests for quantum mechanical superposition: if the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-13 George C. Knee , Erik M. Gauger , G. Andrew D. Briggs , Simon C. Benjamin

The Leggett-Garg (LG) test of macroscopic realism involves a series of dichotomic non-invasive measurements that are used to calculate a function which has a fixed upper bound for a macrorealistic system and a larger upper bound for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-23 Hemant Katiyar , Aharon Brodutch , Dawei Lu , Raymond Laflamme

In this paper we provide an experimental illustration of Page and Wootters' quantum time mechanism that is able to describe two-time quantum correlation functions. This allows us to test a Leggett-Garg inequality, showing a violation from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-22 Ekaterina Moreva , Marco Gramegna , Giorgio Brida , Lorenzo Maccone , Marco Genovese

"Macrorealism" posits that a system possesses definite properties at all times and that we can discover these properties, in principle, without disturbing the system's subsequent behaviour. The Leggett-Garg inequalities are derived under…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Arush Garg , Jonathan Halliwell , Taejas Venkataraman

Nonclassicality of temporal correlations pertaining to noncommutative sequential measurements is defined through the violation of macrorealistic inequalities, known as Leggett-Garg inequalities (LGI). We investigate the energy cost of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-11 Titas Chanda , Tamoghna Das , Shiladitya Mal , Aditi Sen De , Ujjwal Sen

We show how to apply the Leggett-Garg inequality to opto-electro-mechanical systems near their quantum ground state. We find that by using a dichotomic quantum non-demolition measurement (via, e.g., an additional circuit-QED measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-17 Neill Lambert , Robert Johansson , Franco Nori

Quantum non-demolition measurements define a non-invasive protocol to extract information from a quantum system that we aim to monitor. They exploit an additional quantum system that is sequentially coupled to the system. Eventually, by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-16 Paolo Solinas , Stefano Gherardini

Macroscopic realism (MR) is the notion that a time-evolving system possesses definite properties, irrespective of past or future measurements. Quantum mechanical theories can, however, produce violations of MR. Most research to date has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-14 Shayan Majidy , Jonathan J. Halliwell , Raymond Laflamme

We formulate a spatial extension of the Leggett-Garg inequality by considering three distant observers locally measuring a many-body system at three subsequent times. The spatial form, in particular, is specially suited to analyze…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Guillem Müller-Rigat , Donato Farina , Maciej Lewenstein , Andrea Tononi

I study several aspects of tests of macrorealism (MR), which for a given data set serves to give a quantitative signal of the presence of a specific notion of non-classical behaviour. The insufficiency of classical understanding underpins…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-27 Clement Mawby

The Leggett-Garg inequalities have been proposed to identify the quantum behaviour of a system; specifically, the violation of macrorealism. They are usually implemented by performing two sequential measurements on quantum systems,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 D. Melegari , M. Cardi , P. Solinas

By weakly measuring the polarization of a photon between two strong polarization measurements, we experimentally investigate the correlation between the appearance of anomalous values in quantum weak measurements, and the violation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-30 M. E. Goggin , M. P. Almeida , M. Barbieri , B. P. Lanyon , J. L. O'Brien , A. G. White , G. J. Pryde

We investigate the relation between a refined version of Leggett and Garg conditions for macrorealism, namely the no-signaling-in-time (NSIT) conditions, and the quantum mechanical notion of nondisturbance between measurements. We show that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-05 Roope Uola , Giuseppe Vitagliano , Costantino Budroni

We investigate the violation of the Leggett-Garg inequalities for a quantum field, focusing on the two-time quasi-probability distribution function of the dichotomic variable with a coarse-grained scalar field. The Leggett-Garg inequalities…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-07 Masaki Tani , Kosei Hatakeyama , Daisuke Miki , Yuki Yamasaki , Kazuhiro Yamamoto

We apply the Leggett-Garg inequalities (LGI) to the case of classical and quantum unstable systems. For classical systems the two assumptions of macroscopic realism and non-invasive measurements imply that the three-measurement string $K_3$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-08 Francesco Giacosa , Giuseppe Pagliara

We investigate how discrete internal degrees of freedom in a quasi-macroscopic system affect the violation of the Leggett--Garg inequality, a test of macroscopic-realism based on temporal correlation functions. As a specific example, we…

Macrorealism is a classical world view asserting that the properties of macro-objects exist independently and irrespective of observation. One practical approach to test this view in quantum theory is to observe the quantum coherence for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-29 A. K. Pan