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We are interested in estimating the effect of a treatment applied to individuals at multiple sites, where data is stored locally for each site. Due to privacy constraints, individual-level data cannot be shared across sites; the sites may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Ruoxuan Xiong , Allison Koenecke , Michael Powell , Zhu Shen , Joshua T. Vogelstein , Susan Athey

Traditional statistical theory assumes that the analysis to be performed on a given data set is selected independently of the data themselves. This assumption breaks downs when data are re-used across analyses and the analysis to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-06 Adam Smith

Transfer Learning aims to optimally aggregate samples from a target distribution, with related samples from a so-called source distribution to improve target risk. Multiple procedures have been proposed over the last two decades to address…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-29 Steve Hanneke , Samory Kpotufe

Peer effects, in which the behavior of an individual is affected by the behavior of their peers, are posited by multiple theories in the social sciences. Other processes can also produce behaviors that are correlated in networks and groups,…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-16 Dean Eckles , Eytan Bakshy

Instance discriminative self-supervised representation learning has been attracted attention thanks to its unsupervised nature and informative feature representation for downstream tasks. In practice, it commonly uses a larger number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Kento Nozawa , Issei Sato

Adaptive enrichment trials aim to identify and recruit participants most likely to benefit from treatment based on evolving biomarker evidence, with the goal of informing individualized treatment recommendations. Bayesian methods are well…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-11 Lara Maleyeff , Shirin Golchi , Erica E. M. Moodie

Estimating the causal effect of a treatment or health policy with observational data can be challenging due to an imbalance of and a lack of overlap between treated and control covariate distributions. In the presence of limited overlap,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-24 Martha Barnard , Jared D. Huling , Julian Wolfson

We establish concentration rates for estimation of treatment effects in experiments that incorporate prior sources of information -- such as past pilots, related studies, or expert assessments -- whose external validity is uncertain. Each…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-03-24 Frederico Finan , Demian Pouzo

Crowdsourcing has been widely used to efficiently obtain labeled datasets for supervised learning from large numbers of human resources at low cost. However, one of the technical challenges in obtaining high-quality results from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Ryosuke Ueda , Koh Takeuchi , Hisashi Kashima

It is increasingly common in digital environments to use A/B tests to compare the performance of recommendation algorithms. However, such experiments often violate the stable unit treatment value assumption (SUTVA), particularly SUTVA's "no…

Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) is a widely used technology for evaluating learners' proficiency in online education platforms. By leveraging prior estimates of proficiency to select questions and updating the estimates iteratively…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Mi Tian , Kun Zhang , Fei Liu , Jinglong Li , Yuxin Liao , Chenxi Bai , Zhengtao Tan , Le Wu , Richang Hong

Randomized A/B comparisons of alternative pedagogical strategies or other course improvements could provide useful empirical evidence for instructor decision-making. However, traditional experiments do not provide a straightforward pathway…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Ilya Musabirov , Angela Zavaleta-Bernuy , Pan Chen , Michael Liut , Joseph Jay Williams

Although many fairness criteria have been proposed to ensure that machine learning algorithms do not exhibit or amplify our existing social biases, these algorithms are trained on datasets that can themselves be statistically biased. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Yiqiao Liao , Parinaz Naghizadeh

Understanding treatment effect heterogeneity has become an increasingly popular task in various fields, as it helps design personalized advertisements in e-commerce or targeted treatment in biomedical studies. However, most of the existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-12 Waverly Wei , Xinwei Ma , Jingshen Wang

Adaptive data analysis has posed a challenge to science due to its ability to generate false hypotheses on moderately large data sets. In general, with non-adaptive data analyses (where queries to the data are generated without being…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-09-18 Preetum Nakkiran , Jarosław Błasiok

Decision-makers often deploy the best-performing treatment from a randomized experiment, creating a winner's curse: selection favors treatments whose observed outcomes are high partly because of statistical noise, so the na\"ive estimate of…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-20 Ron Berman , Walter W. Zhang , Hangcheng Zhao

Individual and social biases undermine the effectiveness of human advisers by inducing judgment errors which can disadvantage protected groups. In this paper, we study the influence these biases can have in the pervasive problem of fake…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Axel Abels , Elias Fernandez Domingos , Ann Nowé , Tom Lenaerts

This paper extends my research applying statistical decision theory to treatment choice with sample data, using maximum regret to evaluate the performance of treatment rules. The specific new contribution is to study as-if optimization…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-10-05 Charles F. Manski

In high-stakes settings where machine learning models are used to automate decision-making about individuals, the presence of algorithmic bias can exacerbate systemic harm to certain subgroups of people. These biases often stem from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Erin Tan , Judy Hanwen Shen , Irene Y. Chen

Typically, a randomized experiment is designed to test a hypothesis about the average treatment effect and sometimes hypotheses about treatment effect variation. The results of such a study may then be used to inform policy and practice for…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-01 Elizabeth Tipton , Michalis Mamakos
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