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The Improved Quantum Null Energy Condition (INEC) was recently derived from the (restricted) quantum focusing conjecture (QFC), and is a statement about the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) of field theories in Minkowski space-time. It is a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-28 Ido Ben-Dayan , Ayushi Srivastava

Recent work of Fu, Koeller, and Marolf shows that in $d\geq 5$ dimensions a nonzero Gauss-Bonnet coupling of either sign can lead to a pointwise violation of the Quantum Focusing Conjecture. This violation is due to the classical geometric…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-05-17 Stefan Leichenauer

We consider averaged null energy conditions (ANEC) for strongly coupled quantum field theories in even (two and four) dimensional curved spacetimes by applying the no-bulk-shortcut principle in the context of the AdS/CFT duality. In the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-12-02 Norihiro Iizuka , Akihiro Ishibashi , Kengo Maeda

The focusing theorem fails for evaporating black holes because the null energy condition is violated by quantum effects. The quantum focusing conjecture is proposed so that it is satisfied even if the null energy condition is violated. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-10-13 Yoshinori Matsuo

The stress tensor is a basic local operator in any field theory; in the context of AdS/CFT, it is the operator which is dual to the bulk geometry itself. Here we exploit this feature by using the bulk geometry to place constraints on the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-12-14 Sebastian Fischetti , Andrew Hickling , Toby Wiseman

Holographic quantum field theories that confine in flat space, are considered on a fixed AdS space. The space of holographic solutions for such theories is constructed and three types of regular solutions are found. Theories with two AdS…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-09-05 Ahmad Ghodsi , Elias Kiritsis , Francesco Nitti

We prove the Quantum Null Energy Condition (QNEC), a lower bound on the stress tensor in terms of the second variation in a null direction of the entropy of a region. The QNEC arose previously as a consequence of the Quantum Focussing…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-01-20 Raphael Bousso , Zachary Fisher , Jason Koeller , Stefan Leichenauer , Aron C. Wall

We use the quantum null energy condition in strongly coupled two-dimensional field theories (QNEC2) as diagnostic tool to study a variety of phase structures, including crossover, second and first order phase transitions. We find a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-04-07 C. Ecker , D. Grumiller , H. Soltanpanahi , P. Stanzer

We establish a construction for the entanglement wedge in asymptotically flat bulk geometries for subsystems in dual $(1+1)$-dimensional Galilean conformal field theories in the context of flat space holography. In this connection we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-04-26 Debarshi Basu , Ashish Chandra , Vinayak Raj , Gautam Sengupta

We use holography in order to study the entanglement entropy for a spherical entangling surface in a FRW background with an arbitrary time dependence of the scale factor. The calculation is done in various dimensions, allowing for nonzero…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-07-07 D. Giataganas , N. Tetradis

The Quantum Focusing Conjecture (QFC) lies at the foundation of holography and semiclassical gravity. The QFC implies the Bousso bound and the Quantum Null Energy Condition (QNEC). The QFC also ensures the consistency of the quantum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-19 Raphael Bousso , Elisa Tabor

The averaged null energy conditions (ANEC) states that, along a complete null curve, the negative energy fluctuations of a quantum field must be balanced by positive energy fluctuations. We use the AdS/CFT correspondence to prove the ANEC…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-02-24 William R. Kelly , Aron C. Wall

The quantum null energy condition (QNEC) is a quantum generalization of the null energy condition which gives a lower bound on the null energy in terms of the second derivative of the von Neumann entropy or entanglement entropy of some…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-03-30 Taha A Malik , Rafael Lopez-Mobilia

We propose a holographic realization of quantum quenches in two dimensional conformal field theories. In particular, we discuss time evolutions of holographic entanglement entropy in these backgrounds and compare them with CFT results. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-11-12 Tomonori Ugajin

We use AdS/CFT to construct the gravitational dual of a 5D CFT in the background of a non-extremal rotating black hole. Our boundary conditions are such that the vacuum state of the dual CFT corresponds to the Unruh state. We extract the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-06-20 Pau Figueras , Saran Tunyasuvunakool

Large families of confining holographic QFTs, described by Einstein-Dilaton gravity, are considered on constant-curvature manifolds in the presence of a $\theta$-angle. The space of ground states of such theories is explored as a function…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-23 Ahmad Ghodsi , Elias Kiritsis , Francesco Nitti

Quantum fields can notoriously violate the null energy condition (NEC). In a cosmological context, NEC violation can lead to, e.g., dark energy at late times with an equation-of-state parameter smaller than $-1$ and nonsingular bounces at…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-01 Elly Moghtaderi , Brayden R. Hull , Jerome Quintin , Ghazal Geshnizjani

We investigate whether the null energy, averaged over some region of spacetime, is bounded below in QFT. First, we use light-sheet quantization to prove a version of the "Smeared Null Energy Condition" (SNEC) proposed in [1], applicable for…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-08-16 Jackson R. Fliss , Ben Freivogel

We discuss upper bounds on the mutual information for disjoint spherical regions of the CFT vacuum. To prove our bounds, we utilize the modular nuclearity condition, which is in turn related to finiteness of the thermal partition function…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-29 Fikret Ceyhan , Thomas Faulkner

The Swampland Program aims to delineate the space of consistent low-energy effective field theories (EFTs) that admit a UV completion in quantum gravity from those that do not. In parallel, holography, and particularly the AdS/CFT…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-03 Sudhaker Upadhyay , Alexander Reshetnyak , Pavel Moshin , Ricardo Castro